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題 名 | 「風險社會」中結構與行動的轉轍=The Intercourse between Action and Structure in the "Risk Society" |
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作 者 | 周桂田; | 書刊名 | 國立臺灣大學社會學刊 |
卷 期 | 26 1998.06[民87.06] |
頁 次 | 頁99+101-150 |
分類號 | 540.24 |
關鍵詞 | 風險社會; 個人主義化; 風險生平; 風險自由; 自我模塑的生平; 由下往上的政治; 反身性現代化; 結構歷程化; Risk society; Individualization; Risky biography; Risky freedom; Bastelbiographie; Sub-politics; Reflexive modernization; Process of structuration; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文以典型之結構與行動命題,系統性的討論當代德國社會學者Ulrich Beck所提出之風險社會理論,特別是其結構面向之危機和行動面向下人類自由開展的可能。 當代社會在「現代化」發展的旗幟下,一昧的推崇工業科技主義之「進步」意識形態與其民主、經濟和社會體制之建制,導致人類陷入自作自受、集體不安全性的風險社會情境。在巨觀面上,它造成環境生態破壞危機及個人主義化危機的社會條件;在微觀面上,它因而形成「風險個人化」,即上述社會條件所肇致之風險直接威脅全球每個個體生存與認同的處境。 針對這二個層次之結構面向,筆者從結構與行動互為辯證之結構化歷程觀點,闡析Beck在此所提出「反身性現代化」之行動意義。亦即,當代風險社會的解決出路,在於其危機逼迫社會的自我改造和革命。不同於Marx之階級革命觀點,其行動面向下的能動主體純然便是當代人類自我個體。換句話說,風險個人化勢必因造成行動者自我生存、意義與認同的困境,而觸發新的、挑戰風險社會結構的行動力,形成轉轍的可能。這個核心,便是當代人類以積極的(風險)自由觀點-由下往上的政治,來面對與挑動結構的變化。 風險社會中結構與行動的轉轍,因而不但是現代性的問題,也是當代自由之根本實踐問題。 |
英文摘要 | By means of the typical thesis "structure and action" the author systematically discusses in this text the theory of risk society which the modern German sociologist Ulrich Beck proposed. Particularly, its structural dimension of societal crisis and action-dimension of freedom that the human being can practically realize. The modern society developed by the thought of "modernization" that blindly emphasizes the industrial-technical ideology of progress by which the democratic, economic and social institutions are constituted. This results in a collective manufactured uncertainty of risk society. First, it leads to the crisis of the environmental degradation and to the social crisis of individualization at the macro level; second, it causes "risk individualization" at the micro level, that means, this risk threat adversely affects the existence and identification of everybody in the world. According to these two structural levels, the author analyses the meaning of action -"reflexive modernization" proposed by Beck and using Gidden Ss theory of the process of structuration. However, the way out of the crisis in risk society depends on the self-change and self-revolution of the society which itself is threatened by this crisis in reverse. In contrast with Marx's class revolution, that subject of action or the agent is every human being him/herself, namely, risk individualization shapes the difficulty of the existence, meaning and identification of the agent which in reverse produces the new force as a challenge to the risk structure in order to turn it. This is essentially due to the positive "risky freedom". This implies BeckSs conception of sub-politics, that human beings confront and actively challenge this structural change. The intercourse between action and structure in the risk society is however that of the problem of modernity on one hand and the realization of freedom in the present on the other hand. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。