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題 名 | 德國學前教育探究--以Nordrhein-Westfalen邦及Rheinland-Pfalz邦為例=A Study on Early Childhood Education in the Nordrhein-Westfalen Land and Rheinland-Pfalz Land of Germany |
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作 者 | 林慧芬; | 書刊名 | 實踐學報 |
卷 期 | 30 1999.06[民88.06] |
頁 次 | 頁1-17 |
分類號 | 523.29 |
關鍵詞 | 德國; 學前教育; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文的目的在從四方面來探討德國北萊茵--西法倫邦(Nordrhein-Westfalen, NRW )及 Rheinland-Pfalz 邦學前教育的特色。 這四方面包括德國之社會文化背景,學前 教育模式的轉變,德國幼稚園的特色(包括幼稚園的課程與活動,幼稚園的硬體設施,學前 教育工作者的培訓,學前教育行政制度),與現今德國學前教育的挑戰。本文採用訪問與參 觀的方式, 拜訪 NRW 邦的社會教育研究院、社會部、科隆市青少年局、華德福( Waldorf )幼師訓練專科學校及九所兒童日間照顧機構。 根據訪問資料,得到下列結論:第一、NRW 邦每一所德國的幼稚園╱兒童日間照顧機構每年皆可獲得政府 59.5 %到 75 %的補助金。 不論承辦者( Traager )為教會團體、父母團體、私人自由團體,或政府單位, 德國兒童 日間照顧機構所提供的服務品質不致差異懸殊。第二、父母依收入及子女數繳交學費。第三 、承辦者多元,父母可依自己的工作時間、教養理念選擇適合幼兒的托兒機構。第四、德國 幼稚園屬社會福利的一環。幼稚園非學校,「遊戲」乃是幼兒在幼稚園的主要活動。德國幼 稚園強調「家的味道」。第五、德國學前教育工作者的培育注重從工作中學習,上理論課程 之前與之後都要求實習經驗。雖然德國和臺灣在文化、社會背景各異,比較及了解德國學前 教育可帶給我們不少啟示。 |
英文摘要 | Four aspects of early childhood education in Germany were discussed in this paper. The five aspects are 1.The social-culture value for raising children in Germany. 2.The trend of early childhood education in Germany. 3.Four characteristics of Germany kindergartens: the curriculum, the physical environment, the educational training of kindergarten staff, and the financial policies for kindergartens. 4.The challenges of early childhood education in Germany. The data was collected by interviewing the researcher in Social Education Institute of NRW, the officers in the Youth Department, the social Ministry of NRW, and visiting nine kindergartens. Photos, slides and videotapes documented the activities in the kindergartens. Four conclusions are discussed. First, the government provides the child care organizations with major financial support. Second, the parents pay the tuition to kindergartens by their salaries and the number of children in the family. Third, the parents can select the suitable kindergartens based on their own needs. Fourth, the kindergartens are part of the social welfare system. The kindergarten is not the school; "play" is the main curriculum in kindergarten. Fifth, the educational training of kindergarten staff emphasizes more on field experience than degree. Although Taiwan and Germany are different in cultural and social background, we can learn best from mutual understanding. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。