頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 張居正的法治思想=Chang Chu-Chen's Thought of Law |
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作者姓名(中文) | 仲崇親; | 書刊名 | 國立體育學院論叢 |
卷期 | 8:2 1998.04[民87.04] |
頁次 | 頁55-66 |
分類號 | 570.9206 |
關鍵詞 | 張居正; 法治思想; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 張居正是明代一位有魄力、有才識、和有勇氣的大政治家。他柄政之初,正際明 季國勢興衰絕續之交,當時仕途暗淡,吏治敗壞,綱紀廢弛,民不聊生。居正則以身許國, 他「甘受攬權之惡謗,披負友之重嫌,冒震主之不韙,干奪情之非議」,而毅然擔當起振衰 起敝,救亡圖存的大責重任。在他執政的十餘年中,以本「綜覆名實,信賞必罰」的法治作 風,貫徹「崇法務實」的基本主張,扭轉時勢,奠定國基,挽救厄運,使明室由衰轉盛,化 弱為強,對國家他本有不可抹滅的功績,但是,他卻「生前不見諒於同儕,死後復獲咎於幼 主」,使他的思想、主張、事業,在當時既有異議,到後代又久無定論。直至清道光年間, 陶澍重刻「張文忠公全集」,此一曠世奇才,方獲得真正的評估與認定。本文僅就張居正的 生平、時代背景、以及思源淵源,先作概述;進而再剖析其法治思想,以及援法入儒的新觀 念;並摘述其維護社會治安,對治囚與治盜的一貫主張,以示其「嚴治為善愛」的法治精神 ,和對當時政治的產生的重大的影響。 |
英文摘要 | Chang Chu-chen was a great statesman with animation, intelligence, and courage in Ming Dynasty. The early years of his coming into power was just at the point that the condition of Ming Dynasty was falling. That was also the very time that political career turned gloomy; governmental administration went to decay; discipline was lax; and people was living in misery. In despite of those adverse circumstances, Chu-chen determinedly dedicated himself to his country. Willing to endure the vicious slander about taking power, the suspicion of being ungrateful to friends, the charge of doing something against his lord, as well as the censure of violating the human nature, he took the great responsibility of promoting and saving his country from deterioration. During the ten more years of his holding power, he had carried through things in solid manner based on his practical thought of "checking and investigating the actual facts; giving rewards or punishment strictly and impartially." His endeavor and persistence finally made the situation of his country improved and retrived as well as the foundation laid. That the empire of Ming Dynasty turned from deterioration to prosperity, from shakiness to powerfulness was all attributed to him, but he was never forgiven by his peers then and again got the blame from young lords after his death. That caused not only objections to his thought, principle and undertaking at that time, but also no accepted argument in the later generations. Until Tao Shu carved again "The Complete Works of The Respectful Chang Wen-jung" at the sixth emperor of Ching Dynasty, such an unequaled talent finally won the real evaluation and affirmative. Proposed in this paper is first an introduction to his course of life, time background, and his origin of thought, then a further analysis on his thought of law and his new idea of applying law to Confucianism. Besides, his consistent advocacy of maintaining the social security by well managing prisoners and brigands was also abstracted here to indicate his law spirit of "severe administration is for good and love" as well as his significant influence on the contemporary politics. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。