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題 名 | 合理灌概營運用水計畫之研究=Study on Water Use Plan for Reasonable Irrigation Operation and Management |
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作 者 | 陳清田; 張煜權; 陳焜耀; 甘俊二; | 書刊名 | 農業工程學報 |
卷 期 | 43:4 1997.12[民86.12] |
頁 次 | 頁28-35 |
分類號 | 434.287 |
關鍵詞 | 供給; 需求; 輸水損失; 損失係數; 灌概效率; 灌概時間; Supply; Demand; Conveyance loss; Factor of loss; Irrigation efficiency; Irrigation time; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 灌溉主要的意義即指使水作有組織、適時、適量的分佈,補充作物在生長過程中 ,由自然界供應不足的需水量,確保生產糧食之所需。以往的灌溉營運管理用水計畫,主要 是由「供給」的觀點,考慮灌溉水自水源引水,經渠道送至分水門乃至輪區進水口,再經由 中小給水路流到田間提供作物正常生長所需之水量,由「供給」主導「需求」,藉由管理者 的經驗解決水源變動的問題,並無建立一套因應水源變動的灌溉營運準則,因此,往往形成 一旦管理者離位就易產生灌溉管理之斷層,而使得原有之灌溉營運體制無法繼續維持。本文針 對上述情形, 首先以灌溉需適時及適量為基礎, 探討水源的引水量 (Qs) 與田間需求量 (Qd) 的關係及輸水損 (S) 與損失係數 (factor of loss L) 的異同, 其次討論流量大小 (Qs) 對灌溉效率 (E) 與灌溉時間 (t) 的影響, 期由灌溉管理的觀點,探討合理之灌溉用 水計畫,俾為灌溉營運之參考應用。 |
英文摘要 | The major function of irrigation is to supplement water to growing crops with the quantities which connot be sufficed by the nature, in order to ensure food productions. The conventional water use plan for irrigation operation and management is made based on the stance of "supply" which takes into account of irrigation water diverted from water sources, then flowing through various levels of canals, and reaching farms for the needs of normal growth of crops. This concept implies that the supply side domimates the "demand" side; and its adjustment to the fluctuating water sources is much dependent on the operator's experience, in case there are not established irrigation operation criteria to cope with changing water sources. Under such a circumstance, when the system operator are absent, and few appropriate personal are available to replace them, then the conventional irrigation operation mechanism is often discontinued. With an aim to solve the aforesaid implication in irrigation operation, in this paper are examined and probed the following issues, on the basis of irrigation at right time and with proper quantities:1. Relation between diverted amounts of water(Qs) and farm requirements(Qd) Distinctions between conveyance loss(S) and factor of loss(K) 3.lnfluence of diverted amount of water(Qs)to irrigation efficiencies(E) 4.Relation between irrigation efficiencies(E) and irrigation time(t) Water use plans for reasonable irrigation operation and then studied and discussed from the view point of irrigation management. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。