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題名 | 我國職業工會功能之探討=The Function of Craft Union in Taiwan |
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作者 | 王惠玲; Wang, Huei-ling; |
期刊 | 政大勞動學報 |
出版日期 | 19970900 |
卷期 | 6 1997.09[民86.09] |
頁次 | 頁1-13 |
分類號 | 556.722 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 職業工會; Craft union; Labor union law; Labor insurance; |
中文摘要 | 我國在產業工會與職業工會發展上極不平衝,由七十八年以來產業工會不論是數 目或會員人數均呈下降趨勢,而職業工會雖由八十三年起總人數略有減少,但工會數則仍在 增加,職業工會會員人數近兩百五十萬人,產業工會則不到六十萬人。其主要原因在於,勞 工保險條例規定自營作業者及無一定雇主之勞工,應以職業工會為投保單位加入勞工保險。 此項規定使職業工會在勞工保險制度佔有重要之地位,但也因此使得工會法上所規定之職業 工會產生本質上之改變。由於勞工保險條例使自營作業者亦加入職業工會投保,致職業工會 喪失其純粹性,其功能亦以承擔社會保險上責任為主,有違工會成立之實質要件。亦即,現 行職業工會在形式上雖具有工會之名,但在實質上並不具備工會成立要件,是否仍得作為勞 動法上當事人,在學理上產生相當大之疑義。固然擴大社會保險之保障範圍立意良善,但由 職業工會承擔一功能,導致職業工會嚴重悖離度結權之本質,是否妥當,值得深思。此外, 職業工會因辦理勞保與健保業務,滋生相當多弊端。主要由於主管機關允許職業工會預收保 費,以及健保相關補助等,形成金錢誘因,導致工會組織與管理上不健全,且預收保安之適 法性亦頗值懷疑,影響到被保險人權益。另,職業工會往往於會員欠繳保費或會費時,即予 退會 (除名 ) 再加以退保, 以我國工會採強制入會制,以及勞工保險之強制保險性質而言 ,恐難認其為合法。至於新興職業工會,以銀行行員職業工會為例,雖不以承辦勞工保險業 務為其目的,但限於現行工會法之規定,全國性之分業聯合會組織被視為不台乎法律規定之 體制外工會。且其活動多以陳情、請願為主,與工會應以團體協商為主要任務亦有不同。因 此,未來職業工會應如何定位值得深思。作者認為應將社會保險之功能交由其他團體負責, 使工會回復其本來面貌。同時由新興職業工會之活動觀察,可了解到勞動條件之提昇,並非 僅藉由勞資雙方勞動條件之交涉談判即可達成,而往往受限於政策、法令、制度等環境面之 影響,因此,如何在政策形成過程中提供工會參與之管道,使工會角色功能逐漸轉變為社會 夥伴,化制度外之抗爭為體制內之參與,應為未來政府組織法制之重要課題。 |
英文摘要 | There are two kinds of trade unions in Taiwan. The industrial union means a union organized by workers of the same industry, and is factory or workshop-based. The craft union means a union organized by workers of the Same craft, within the same administrative area. According to official statis- tics, these two kinds of trade unions have different development. Since 1989, the number of Unions and membership of industrial unions are going down, While the membership of craft unions is slightly decreasing, but the number of craft unions is still increasing. The main reason for the increasing number of Craft unions is a regulation in labor insurance act. The article 6 of labor insurance act made craft Union as insurance unit. Therefore those who have no definite employer or are self-employed join the Cfaft union, in order to be covered by labor insur- ance program. The fact that craft unions take part in labor insurance gives forth fo many problems. First of all they lost their identity as bargain unit, because their member is not noly workers but also those self- employeed, and they have quite different interests. Besides, the self-employees are mostly members of business associations. Secondly, The fact that craft union can ask their members to pay insurance premiums for 3-6 months in advance brings the risk and possibility for the union officers to get benefit while dealing with insurance affairs. Some newly established craft unions try to act as bargain units, but are not very successful. Further, They can not fulfill the requirements of labor union law for a federated organization, so they focused their activities on petition. this funciton deviates from the role of traditional trade unions. The author suggests that, craft unions should not bear the function of soical insureance. The self-employeed should join social insurance through business associations. And the craft unions should remain an actor in industrial relations. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。