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頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 二甲基甲醯胺生物偵測技術之引進探討=Characteristic Study of the Biological Monitoring of Occupational Exposure to Dimethlformamide |
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作 者 | 黃麗如; 陳育瑾; 周瑞淑; 汪禧年; 張吳名任; | 書刊名 | 中華職業醫學雜誌 |
卷期 | 4:3 1997.07[民86.07] |
頁次 | 頁153-160 |
分類號 | 412.78 |
關鍵詞 | 二甲基甲醯胺; 生物偵測技術; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)是常用的有機溶劑,它能迅速穿透皮膚與黏膜而進入人體,它 的毒性標的器官有肝臟及睪丸。美國ACGIH及德國DFG對暴露於DMF的生物偵測皆建議 以氣相層析(GC/FID)分析尿中單甲基甲醯胺(NMF)之量為指標,目前它的暴露參考值 ACGIH正準備由40 mg/g肌酸酐降為20 mg/g,德國的參考值則是15 mg/L尿。 人及大鼠暴露於DMF後,尿中排出的主要代謝物為DMF-OH,此代謝物不是很穩定, 目前並無市售之標準品,它出現於GC圖譜的是其加熱後之裂解笏NMF。因此DMF之生物 偵側分析,是以兩份冷甲醇(含內標)來處理尿檢體、經離心後上GC分析,以NMF製備檢 量線。 我們的檢量線範圍為1∼9 μg/mL,內標是單甲基乙�s胺(NMA),所有的異日變異係 數(%CV,加或不加尿共10組)都≦10%,n=4,所有的%相對誤都≦±10%,回收率以斜 率比表示,則有100.3±10.2%,n=4。偵側極限為0.056 ng in 2μL,即0.028 μg/mL。濃 度接近參考值之品管樣品(三種),其製備是以未經暴露之人尿稀釋經DMF暴露之鼠尿而 得。儲存於-30℃之穩定度是以品管樣品來探討,結果發現穩定度至少有38天。以此方法 分析所得的39個下班前工人之檢體,發現四個檢體在NMF的滯留時間處有一小波峰,經 外加法確認,只得一人有微量之NMF,0.289 μg/mL(低於目前的檢量線)約相當於0.120 μg/mg肌酸酐。本方法曾經部份經過不同分析員、不同實驗室、不同GC儀器、不同線性 範圍之驗證,發現再現性佳,百分相對誤均小於±10%,只是有的儀器感度(GC/FID)較 差,無法有效地分析≦4μg/mL之NMF。 |
英文摘要 | Dimethylformamide (DMF) is an important industrial organic solvent. It is readily absorbed through mucosa and skin. DMF is hepatotoxic and may induce tumors in testis. To monitor workers' exposure, both ACGIH of US and German DFG recommend a GC/FID analysis of urinary monomethyl-formamide (NMF) . The recommended reference value is 15 mg/L urine by the DFG and 40 mg/g creatinine by ACGIH. ACGIH is proposing to change it to 20 mg/g creatinine. NMF is the thermal decomposition product of DMF-OH, the major urinary metabolite, which is unstable and currently not available commercially. Our monitoring method differed from others in 2 aspects: (1) a brief centrifugation to remove particulates after the treatment with cold methanol and (2) analysis with an internal standard, monomethylacetamide. The method established had (1) a linear range of 1 ∼ 9 μ g NMF/mL, (2) all interday % Cvs ≦ 10%, (10 sets of them, with and without media, n=4) (3) all % relative errors ≦± 10%, (4)a recovery of, as slope ratio, 100.3 ± 10.2% (n=4), and (5) a detection limit of 0.028 μ g/mL. Three series of QC samples, with concentrations close to the reference values, were prepared by diluting the DMF-exposed rat urines with unexposed human urine. Sample stability was found to have 38 days at-30 ℃. An operating SOP was written and used to evaluate 39 post-shift samples. Four of them showed a small signal at the retention place of NMF. Standard addition method was used to confirm its identity. Only one of the 4 was truly NMF. Its concentration was estimated, by extrapolation, to be 0.29 μ g/mL. The method was quasi-verified without simultaneously analyzing a group of identical samples. We've found that (1) the method worked satisfactorily by various hands, (2) all interday % Cvs and all % relative errors were ≦ 10%, and (3) some GC/FID can not effectively analyze samples of urinary NMF of ≦ 4 μ g/mL. |
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