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題 名 | 論兩漢的太學與太學生=A Discussion of the University and the University Students in Hang Dynasty |
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作 者 | 郭紀青; | 書刊名 | 社會科教育研究 |
卷 期 | 2 1997.12[民86.12] |
頁 次 | 頁37-72 |
分類號 | 520.9202 |
關鍵詞 | 兩漢; 太學; 太學生; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 從全人類教育史來看,我國古代大學校教育有其傲人的一頁。在古代文明國家中,如巴比倫、埃及、希臘、羅馬等時期,有關教育的記載,均不能和我國相比,因為它們沒有建立完備的制度。而我國在漢武帝時(西元前一二四年),創太學,這是中國歷史上正式國立大學的開始。當時大學的教授稱為「博士」,經學權威,師資非常優秀,學生人數也從五十人開始,漸次增加,最高曾達三萬人之眾,而校舍遼闊,設備完善,猶如今日之「大學城」,比西洋有名的大學如;波隆那(Bologna)、巴黎(Paris)、牛津(Oxford)、劍橋(Cambridge)等,亦要早一千二百年。雖然至今漢代太學的校舍,久經戰亂,早已盪然無存,但其典章制度與教育精神,卻綿延下來,我們今日現代化大學,受到西方思想之影響,自不容懷疑,但是否也有承受一些歷史傳統的遺風﹖是以對漢代太學有進一步瞭解的必要,此是本文研究的動機。 拙作分三部份;第一部分探討漢代太學建立的經過;太學內部的組織;教材的安排;成績的考查;及太學中的風氣。第二部分則針對太學生的種種加以探討,如:太學生的來源;太學生的名額;太學生的在學生活;太學生的出路,比及太學從事政治運動等等。第三部分則分析漢代太學的優缺點,優點:(一)起源甚早,歷史悠久;(二)培育治術人才,切合當時需要;(三)設備完善,經費充足;(四)注重道德教育。缺點:(一)學用相違;(二)偏重記億,忽視思考;(三)偏重輕學,忽視科學;(四)受教育機會不平等。本文最後論及太學生的愛國運動,其影響更為深遠,他們為正義所表現的臨難不苟的精神,更是令人感動與欽佩! |
英文摘要 | From the point of view of educational history for human beings, our ancient university education had nothing more to be compared. Among the civilized countries in ancient times, such as Babylon, Egypt, Greece, Rome, their records related to education were not equivalent to those in our country, China, The main reason lies in the deficiency of an all-round system. However, in China history, university was set up during Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty (124 B.C.), which was the formal origin of national university. During that time, the professors of university were called the "doctors", who were the authorities on the study of classics. The numbers of students has been ever increased from fifty to thirty thousand. Besides, the combination of the vast buildings and the perfect facilities made the surroundings like" a city of university", which was earlier than the famous western universities (such as Bologna, Paris, Oxford and Cambridge) by 1200 years. Though the school buildings had already destroyed through the wars and catastrophes, the laws and institutions of a society and the spirit of education extended generations by generations. Without a doubt, the establishment of our modern universities are influenced by the prevailing trend of thought of western civilization. We still wonder, however, if it has inherited somewhat from Chinese historical heritage. As a result, it is necessary to have further ideas about the university in Han Dynasty, China, This is the motivation of this study. My study will be divided into three parts. The first part is to explore the process or the establishment of the universities in Han Dynasty, the organizations within the universities, the arrangement of teaching materials, the testing and evaluations and atomosphere in the universities. The second part is to discuss about the students in the universities. For example, their background, the numbers, their school lifes, the prospects of their careers and their political actions. The third part is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the universites in Han Dynasty. There are four advantages:(1)they have early origins; (2)they develop political elites to correspand to the contemporary needs; (3)they have perfect facilities and sufficient funds; (4)they put emphasis on the moral education. There are four disadvantages about the curriculums in the universities:(1)they aren't practical; (2)they put emphasis on the memory rather than contemplation; (3)they put emphasis on the study of classics rather than science. Moreover, the unequal opportunities of receiving education is added to the disadvantages of the universities in Han Dynasty. Finally I will discuss the students' patriotic campaigns. We would be touched by the students who didn't shrink in face of disaster. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。