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題名 | 臺灣養豬農家污染防治成本之探討=The Survey of Pollution Control Cost for Hog Farms in Taiwan |
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作者 | 呂秀英; Leu, Shiu-yin; |
期刊 | 臺灣農業 |
出版日期 | 19970400 |
卷期 | 33:2 1997.04[民86.04] |
頁次 | 頁2-15 |
分類號 | 445.2594 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 污染防治成本; 折舊; 毛豬; Pollution control cost; Depreciation; Hog; |
中文摘要 | 根據調查,統計分析142戶達到81年排放標準之養豬戶資料,結果顯示,平均在養頭數為1,301頭,若換算為可出售之成豬可得毛豬等數為2,312頭,則平均每戶廢水處理總投資約需要185.0萬元,平均每頭毛豬投資需要800元,規模1,000頭以下者,平均每頭投資1,503元,其次為規模1,000∼1,499頭者,平均每頭投資1,138元,規模在5,000∼9,999頭者,平均每頭投資646元。平均每頭毛豬應分攤污染防治成本136 元,比包括未達81年排放標準平均防治成本多5元,比調查80年度污染防治平均成本為136元稍多; 每戶成本高低受預計處理頭數多寡顯著性影響,和農戶實際飼養頭數沒有顯著性影響,但每頭分攤成本高低和預計處理頭數及實際年飼養頭數多寡密切相關,亦即飼養規模大小確實影響豬糞尿廢水處理成本,隨著規模擴大,平均每頭成豬應分攤廢水處理成本呈遞減趨勢,年飼養成豬1,000 頭以下者,平均每頭應分攤成本265元,而規模1,000∼1,499頭、1,500∼1,999頭、2,000∼2499頭、5,000∼9,999頭者,平均每頭分攤之成本分別為204、134、131及99元。年飼養成豬2,000頭及10,000頭為關卡,企業化大養豬場之成本相對較小養豬戶低很多, 此即為何近年環保要求趨嚴下,小養豬戶紛紛停養的原因。 若作地區別污染防治戶成本比較,可發現平均每頭成豬應分攤的成本以北部最高,其次為南部,東部最低。不同經營型態之毛豬分攤之廢水處理成本均不同,肉豬戶比一貫戶高,餿水養豬戶又比肉豬戶為高。 |
英文摘要 | Based on the Survey reaching the emission standard of 1992, farmers raising 2,312 hogs needed to invest US$71,845 for wastewater treatment per farm. The average investment per head for treating wastewater was US$ 31. 1. The larger the farm scale, the less investment per head. Farmers invested US$58.4/head for wastewater treatment on farms raising less than 1,000 hogs. Farmers invested US$ 44.2 or US$ 25.1 per head for wastewater treatment for farm sizes were 1,000-1,499 heads or 5,000-9,999 heads yearly respectively. In general, the equipments of hog waste-treating can be used more than one year and the investments are so much that we must depreciate the fixed investment. According to Sinking-fund Method of Depreciation, the average cost for treating wastewater was US$5.3 per hog. The treatment cost per farm was significantly affected by scheduled numbers of hog raising, but was not affected by actual numbers of hog raiising. The average cost for treating wastewater at different scales were US$ 10.3,US$ 7.9, US$ 5.2, US$ 5.1, and $3.8/head for hogs raising less than 1,000, 1,000-1,499, 1,500-1,999, 2,000-2,499 and 5,000-9,999 heads respectively. Farm scales of 2,000 and 10,000 heads are critical points in economical analyisis for wastewater treatment. |
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