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來源資料
頁籤選單縮合
題名 | The Changes of Labor Force Utilization Patterns in Taiwan(1978-1994)=臺灣勞動力運用程度之變遷分析 |
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作者 | 王燦槐; Wang, Chang-hwai; |
期刊 | 社會文化學報 |
出版日期 | 19960500 |
卷期 | 3 1996.05[民85.05] |
頁次 | 頁43-76 |
分類號 | 542.71 |
語文 | eng |
關鍵詞 | 臺灣; 勞動力; |
中文摘要 | 本研究之目的有二:一是運用修正的「勞動力運用架構」(Labor Ulilization Framework)來分析臺灣從1978至1994勞動力運用形態的改變。在此分析中將著重在性別,年齡,婚姻狀況,與教育程度的影響,第二個目的則是根據上述之結論探討對政策面的意義,尤其是對女性就業問題的啟示。 本研究的結論如下: (1)臺灣的勞動力的運用程度,整體而言相當高,自1978年以來,約在80%左右,但近年來呈下降的趨勢。(2)經濟性的低度運用,包括次級失業,非自願性兼職,與低收入,在總低度運用中的比例逐漸下降。(3)社會性的低度運用,即教育與職業的不相稱,則逐年增加,並在1990年代以後,超過經濟性的低度運用。(4)臺灣人力的低度運用與其它國家相比(如美國),都屬相當低的,這隱含臺灣勞動力存在短缺的問題。 再進一步分析性別在年齡,婚姻,與教育的表現上,所得的結論有: (1)男女在勞動力運用上最大的差別是成為非勞動力,次級失業,與教育與職業不相稱上,女性在此三種類別比男性高出許多。(2)年齡在65以上之老年人在近年來成為次級失業的人數激增,尤以婦女為顯著,表示老年人希望就業但覺得勞動市場無法提供適合的工作。(3)以婚姻狀況而言,單身或離婚或喪偶的婦女,比同樣狀況的男性在1990年代有較好的勞動力運用程度,這顯示有偶婦女在婚姻與家庭的義務會影響勞動力的運用。(4)以教育程度而言,高教育程度的婦女比同學歷的男性有較多的失業與教育與職業的不相稱,這顯示勞動市場運用女性的教育功能遠低於男性。 |
英文摘要 | The purpose of this study is two-fold: one is to use the modified version of the "Labor Utilization Framework" to analyze Taiwan's labor utilization pattern by gender, age, marital status and education level from 1978 to 1994. The other is to have policy implications for women's employment problems. Our research has the following conclusions: (1) The average level of Taiwan's adequate utilization is about 80% between 1978 and 1994, but it has been declining continually over the years. (2) The rates of economic underutilization have decreased from 71%(1978) to 39%(1994). (3)The social underutilization had increased over the years, and it exceeded the rates of economic underutilization after 1990. (4)The relatively low level of underutilization in Taiwan, implies the existence of labor shortage. Our analyses of underutilization by sex, age, marital status and education further showed that (1) Women had higher underutilization in three categories than men. They are: not-in-labor-force, sub-unemployment, and mismatch. (2) The sub-unemployment rate for the older people aged 65 has increased greatly in recent years, especially for older women. (3) Women who are single and divorced or widowed have better labor utilization rates than those men in the same categories. (4)Women with higher education have more unemployment and mismatch than men with the same education level. |
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