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題名 | 臺灣北部沿岸海水中具發酵產氣特性的兼性嫌氣性好鹽細菌之密度與親緣關係=Density and Phylogeny of Facultatively Anaerobic, Halophilic Bacteria that Ferment Carbohydrates with Gas Production in Coastal Seawater of Northern Taiwan |
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作者 | 謝文陽; 陳怡栕; 簡文達; Shieh, Wung Yang; Chen, Yi-wen; Jean, Wen Dar; |
期刊 | 臺灣海洋學刊 |
出版日期 | 20021200 |
卷期 | 40:2 2002.12[民91.12] |
頁次 | 頁179-198 |
分類號 | 368.85 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 弧菌屬; 發光菌屬; 海洋細菌; 兼性嫌氣細菌; Vibrio; Photobacterium; Marine bacterium; Facultative anaerobe; |
中文摘要 | 本研究以臺灣北部沿岸海水中具發酵產氣特性的兼性嫌氣性好鹽細菌為對象,進行了生菌數和分離株親緣關係之調整。以最可能數計數法(most-probable-number counts,簡稱MPN counts)估測之結果發現,在各採樣點中,對象菌的生菌數介於101至104 cells/100 ml之間。從呈現陽性反應的MPN計數培養管分離出之對運菌一共是三十一株;這些分離株皆為可藉極鞭毛運動之革蘭氏陰性桿菌,都能以葡萄糖作為生長所需之唯一碳源,惟無法生長於不含食鹽的培養基中。根據表型特性之差異,分離株大略分成五群。第一群僅含一菌株,乃弧形桿菌,在平板培養基上生成紅色圓形菌落,氧化酶(oxidase)反應為陰性,可還原硝酸鹽及利用甘露醇(D-mannitol)為唯一碳源。第二、三、四群含有之菌株數目依序為十八株、六株、三株;這些菌株均屬於弧形桿菌,均形成白色稍透明圓形菌落,且均能利用甘露酵作為唯一碳源;這三群之差異在於只有第三群之氧化酶反應為陰性,且只有第四群不具還原硝酸鹽能力。第五群包含之三菌株產生白色不透明圓形菌落,細胞呈短直桿狀,氧化酶反應為陽性,能還原硝酸鹽,無法利用甘露醇為唯一碳源。五細菌群各取一代表株(依序為VR1、VS1、VS2、VS2、PS1)進行16S rDNA比對與親緣分析,結果顯示它們皆屬於弧菌科(Vibrionaceae)中的弧菌屬(Vibrio)或發光菌屬(Photobacterium)。根據表型特性與16S rDNA序列的比對結果,唯一紅色分離株亦即VR1,已經被確認逼新種,並命名為Vibrio rubber sp. Nov. (Shieh et al., 2002)。VS1和VS2兩株可能是Vibrio furnissii或其近緣種,VS3可能是與Vibrio tbiashi近緣之新種、PS1則歸類於photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae。本研究顯示,臺灣北部沿岸海水中的兼性嫌氣性發產氣細菌,在本實驗調查取樣季節,可能以Vibrio furnissii或其近緣種最為常見。 |
英文摘要 | Density and phylogeny of facultatively anaerobic halophilic bacteria that ferment carbohydrates with gas production in the seawater of northern coast of Taiwan were investigated in the present study. The most-probable-number (MPN) counting values of the bacteria were estimated to be in the range of 101 to 104 cells/100 ml. thirty-one strains of halophilic bacteria that fermented glucose with gas production were isolated from the MPN cultures with positive reactions in counting. All the isolates were Gram-negative rods motile by polar flagella. They were all able to grow in minimal medium containing D-glucose as the sole carbon source, but not in a medium lacking Na+. These isolates were divided into five groups according to the morphological and physiological characterization. Group 1 contained only one strain which produced red colonies. The cells were curved rods on shape and oxidase-negative. This strain was able to assimilate D-mannitol as the sole carbon source and reduced nitrate to nitrite. Groups 2, 3 and 4 consisted of eighteen, six, and three strains, respectively. These isolates were all curved rods, produced white and slightly transparent colonies, and were capable of utilizing D-mannitol as the sole carbon source. Both groups 2 and 4 were oxidase-positive while group 3 was oxidase-negative; groups 2 and 3 reduced nitrate to nitrite while group 4 did not. Group 5 consisted of there strains which produced white and opaque colonies. The cells were short and straight rods in shape, oxidase-positive, able to reduce nitrate to nitrite, but unable to make use of D-mannitol as the sole carbon source. Alignments of the 16S rDNA sequences with those in the GeneBank database revealed that the representative strains VR1, VS1, VS2, VS3 and PS1 of groups 1-5, respectively, belonged to either genus Vibrio or genus Photobacterium. Moreover, based is 16s rDNA sequence and phenotypic characteristics, strain VR1 apparently belonged to a new species, designed Virbio rubber sp. Nov. by Shieh et al. (2002). Strains VS1 and VS2 could be Vibrio furnissii or its near species. VS3 may belong to a new species closely related to Vibrio tubiashi. Strain PS1 was identified as Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae. Our data suggest that Vibrio furnissii or its close species might be the predominant species of the facultatively anaerobic halophilic bacteria capable of fermenting carbohydrates with gas production in the northern Taiwan coastal seawater, at least during the sampling season. |
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