頁籤選單縮合
題名 | Nietzsche Versus Karl Marx in Jack Londons Martin Eden (1907)=「馬丁伊甸」中尼彩與馬克斯的思想衝突 |
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作者 | 魯子青; Lu, Lewis T. C.; |
期刊 | 高雄工商專校學報 |
出版日期 | 19961200 |
卷期 | 26 1996.12[民85.12] |
頁次 | 頁299-338 |
分類號 | 874.57 |
語文 | eng |
關鍵詞 | |
中文摘要 | 十九世紀末至二十世紀初,美國的自然學派小說家喜歡在他們的作品中,突顯人 類在面對自然時的卑微無助。作家們這時都將自然與社會等同。他們所控訴的對象無外乎是 體制的不公、大眾文化的盲從、階級剝削的不合理、拜物執著的瘋狂、消費導向的荒謬、以 及機器世界的冷酷無情... 等等。這樣的靈感多半來自歐洲的社會思潮,例如達爾文的天演 論、史賓塞的優勝劣敗論、自然科學的實証主義、以及以前三者做為理論基礎的種族主義。 但傑克倫敦是首位自然學派的小說家,去將尼采與馬克斯的思想整合進自然主義的思想框架 中。這使得他的小說情節頓時間偏離了反宗教、反道德的叢林法則,而開始去圍繞個人主義 、社會主義、超人主義、甚至是虛無主義等莊嚴的思想題材爭論不休,意圖以文學的努力摸 索出一條為社會科學服務的途徑。由於傑克倫敦首倡風氣之先,後進的小說家爭相模倣,使 得自然主義的思考領域豁然開朗。以致於弗洛伊德的理論隨後也被大量應用到美國的小說之 中。值此之故,傑克倫敦對自然主義的貢獻是不應該被忽略的。 |
英文摘要 | American naturalists in 1890s never hesitated to explore the dark areas of the human soul, attempting to seek the revelation of psychological depth and complexities by way of scientific detachment, objectivity, and the dispassionate expression of external realities. By 1900, however, another breed of naturalistic practitioners started cutting loose from either "high romance" or impressionism, in favor of a much more forceful and robust realism--marked by moral ambiguity and reformist zeal. As naturalism was more deeply committed to socialism than in the preceding decade, individualism also arose to become another contributor in expanding the dimensions and sustaining the vitality of naturalism. Not until the publication of Martin Eden by Jack London (1876-1916) did writers attempt to imitate him by thrusting themselves into the mold of Nietzschean superman where the protagonists, no longer socially determined, ferociously rise to realize the American dream, in pursuit of desire and happiness that are essentially nihilistic in nature. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。