查詢結果分析
相關文獻
- 近年來臺灣害蟲微生物防治之進展
- Bacteremia and Fungemia in Patients with Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Taiwan
- Croup Syndrome in Children: Five-Year Experience
- 精油之抗細菌與抗真菌活性
- Serum HDL Level at Acute Stage of Kawasaki Disease
- 羊皮膚性疾病
- 蟲生病原真菌在蟲害防治上之利用
- 蟲生病原真菌在蟲害防治上之利用
- Bioindicators for Water Quality Evaluation--a Review
- 蟲生病原真菌在蟲害防治上之利用
頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 近年來臺灣害蟲微生物防治之進展=Recent Progress in Microbial Control of Insects in Taiwan |
---|---|
作者 | 侯豐男; Hou, R. F.; |
期刊 | 植物保護學會會刊 |
出版日期 | 19970300 |
卷期 | 39:1 1997.03[民86.03] |
頁次 | 頁75-84 |
分類號 | 433.3 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 微生物防治; 蟲生病原; 細菌; 真菌; 病毒; Microbial control; Entomopathogen; Bacteria; Fungus; Virus; |
中文摘要 | 臺灣地區自1980年代以來,害蟲微生物防治(microbial control)研究工作,已有顯著成果。蘇力菌(Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt)為唯一應用害蟲防治之細菌性病原,目前我國已有多種Bt商品登記使用,大部份均由國外輸入;因此研究工作著重在發展檢測Bt產品效價(potency)之技術。以本省不同地區小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)品系,測試顯示對Bt產品之感受性差異不大。由本地所分離的Bt品系,經基因測定,具有Cry I之各種基因,表示對小菜蛾之殺蟲力良好。發展質體剖面圖技術,可用於Bt亞種及品系之鑑別。由小菜蛾所建立之細胞株,以Bt內毒素處理可引起細胞病變,此可用於發展In vitro檢定毒素之系統。蟲生真菌之研究,已檢定出含白殭菌(Beauveria bassiana)之土壤可抑制甘藷蟻象(Cylas formicarius)之族群密度。白殭菌製劑對亞洲玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)具防治潛力,此菌亦可用於感染為害大豆之細緣樁象(Riptortus linearis)。測試白殭菌對偽菜蚜(Lipaphis erysimi)之致病力,在室內可達100%死亡率。黑殭菌(Metarhizium anisopliae)已用於感染斑飛蝨(Laodelphax striatellus)、椰子紅胸葉蟲(Brontispa longissima)及甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)等害蟲,對於影響其感染的各種因子,量產方法,農藥相容性等均有研究報告。本省分離之昆蟲病毒有 SeNPV、SINPV、Penu NPV等對原來寄主昆蟲均具高度致病力,前兩者已開發生產方法。自美國引進之Heliothis NPV對玉米穗夜蛾(Heliothis armigera)具有實用性。將Bt內毒素基因嵌入AcNPV構築重組病毒,雖可表現毒蛋白,但毒性並未增強,此為基因工程應用昆蟲病毒之開端。顆粒病毒(GV)主要應用小菜蛾防治,田間試驗顯示其殺蟲效力良好。 |
英文摘要 | Research on microbial control of insect pests in Taiwan area has been predominantly in progress since 1980s. The bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) is so far the sole bacterial entompathogen applicable for pest control. Many Bt-based products imported from foreign countries have been registered for practical applications in Taiwan. Therefore, most research work regarding Bt is focused on development of techniques for detecting potency of these products. Various strains of the diamondback moth. Plutella xylostella, were found to be all susceptible to Bt products.Indigenous Bt isolates contain various cryIgenes based on genomic analysis, indicating that these isolates are pathogenic to diamondback moth. The plasmid profiles were developed for identifying Bt subspecies and strains among the same subspecies. Treatment of a cell line established from diamonback moth with Bt delta-endotoxin may cause ultrastructural changes. This study could develop an in vitro systm for detecting Bt toxic proteins. With respect to entomogenous fungi, the white muscardine fungus, Beauveria bassiana, was found to be a lethal factor in the soil pernicious to the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius.B. bassiana preparations are potential for controlling the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, and are also infective to a coreid bug, Riptortus linearis, attacking soybean in Taiwan. A strain of B. bassiana was reported to be highly pathogenic to the turnip aphid, Lipaphid erysimi, causing 100% mortality in the laboratory. The green muscardine fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, is infectious to the smaller brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatella; the coconut leaf beetle, Bronitspa longissima, and the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. Many aspects relating to this entomogenous fungus, e.g., factors affecting its infection, production, compatibility with pesticides, etc., have been documented. Several insect viruses, e.g., SeNPV, SINPV and PenuNPV, have been isolated from this island. They are all highly pathogenic to their original insect hosts. The former two NPVs have been produced in the laboratory scale. Heliothis NPV introduced from the US is practical for controlling the local populations of the corn earworm, Heliothis armigera. Construction of a recombinant AcNPV containing Bt endotoxin genes was carried out. The recombinant virus is able to express toxic proteins but is not more virulent than the wild type virus. However, this initiates improvement in virulence of insect viruses by genetic manipulation. Granulosis viruses were tested for controlling the diamondback moth in the field and were found to be promising. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。