頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 蘇聯與1949年新疆的「和平解放」=The Sovietunion and Liberation of Xinjiang in 1949 |
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作者 | 王大剛; |
期刊 | 人文學報 |
出版日期 | 19960700 |
卷期 | 20 1996.07[民85.07] |
頁次 | 頁75-115 |
分類號 | 644.8 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 新疆-蘇聯; Xinjiang-The sovietunion; |
中文摘要 | 1949年以前中國共產黨的活動,除了在1934年到1942年間的盛世才蘇聯友好合作時期,從沒有涉及到新疆。在盛蘇友好時期,在蘇聯的安排下中國共產黨與盛世才在新疆建立了抗日民族統一戰線。與內地的國共合作不同,中共在新疆的統一戰線中不能獨立自主,而完全依靠蘇聯。盛世才反蘇後,中共在新疆的勢力也被清除。1944年蘇聯利用新疆穆斯林民族的民族主義情緒,支持少數民族發動伊寧事變,成立了“東土耳其斯坦共和國”。蔣介石明白伊寧事變有蘇聯介入的背景,派親蘇親共的張治中去新疆談判。張治中在新疆推行親蘇和平方針。在此方針指導下,伊寧方面與新疆當局成立了聯合政府。但伊寧方面既未放棄事實上的獨立狀態,又進一步要求張治中把反蘇反共的新疆警備總司令宋希濂和省主席麥斯武德撤職。在伊寧的壓力下,張治中安排了親蘇的包爾漢和忠於他親蘇方針的陶峙岳為省主席和新疆警備總司令。 中共與伊寧事變沒有任何關係。伊寧事變的領導人中,只有阿巴索夫力圖與中共建立關係。但這只是他個人的努力,並因此他在伊寧政府中倍受排擠。直到1948年末1949年初,當國共內戰中中共已經取得明顯勝利的時候,蘇聯才在新疆問題上支持中共。中共代表團1949年夏訪問莫斯科時,斯大林主動建議中共提前實現解放新疆的計劃,並建議利用伊寧政權。在蘇聯的安排下,鄧力群從莫斯科到伊寧,為中共解放新疆做準備。1949年4月,張治中脫離國民黨投向中共後,在北平通過蘇聯和鄧力群,幫助中共中央說服並安排新疆國民黨軍政當局轉向中共。蘇聯也積極幫助解放軍進軍新疆。這樣,中共不費一槍一彈得到了遠在西北邊陲的中國最大的省份。 |
英文摘要 | Apart from the Sheng Shicai-Soviet co-operation of 1934-1942, the activities of the Chinese Communist Party did not reached Xinjiang until 1949. During the period of 1934-42, the Anti-Japanese United Front between Sheng Shicai's Regime and the CCP was established with Soviet assistance. Differing from the GMD [KMT]-CCP United Front in China proper, politically the CCP had to rely on the Soviet Union in Xinjiang. When Sheng Shicai showed the door to the Soviets, the influence of the CCP was also cleared from Xinjiang. With the support of the Soviet Union the Moslems in Yili rose in rebellion in 1944, and the East Turkestan Republic was declared. Understanding the Soviet background of the Yili Rebellion, Chiang Kai-shek sent pro-soviet Zhang Zhizhong to Xinjiang to solve the problem of the Yili Rebellion. Under the pro-Soviet policy of Zhang Zhizhong, the Yili Regime came to terms with the Xinjiang authorities to form the Provincial Coalition Government. Under the Coalition, however, the Yili Regime refused to give up its de facto independence. Furthermore, they persuaded Zhang Zhizhong to dismiss anti-Soviet Song Xilian, the C-in-C of the Xinjiang Garrison, and anti-Soviet and pro-American Masuad, the governor of the province. Under this pressure, Zhang arranged the replacements of Song Xilian and Masuad by Tao Zhiiyue and Burham, who were followers of Zhang's pro-Soviet policy. There was no connection between the Yili Rebellion and the CCP. Among the leaders of the Yili Regime. Blastoff was the only one who had tried to establish relations with the CCP. His personal efforts failed. Regarding Xinjiang affairs, the Soviet Union did not support the CCP until late 1948-early 1949, when the Civil War in China proper was turning in favour of the CCP. In summer of 1949, when the CCP delegation was visiting Moscow, Stalin persuaded the CCP to use the Yili Regime to liberate Xinjiang earlier than planned. Under the arrangement of the Soviets, Deng Liqun arrived in Yili from Moscow. Since that communications between Yili and the CCP in Beiping established. In April of 1949, after shifting his side to the CCP, Zhang Zhizhong now in Beiping, with the assistance of Deng Liqun and the Soviets in Xinjiang, helped the CCP to persuade the civil and military authorities in Xinjiang to surrender to the CCP. The Soviet Union also provided assistance to the PLA in marching to Xinjiang. In this way the CCP liberated the most western province in China without firing a shot. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。