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題 名 | 清初三帝對漢人的政治教育=The First Three Manchu Emperors' Political Indoctrination Imposing Upon the Chinese People |
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作 者 | 薛文郎; | 書刊名 | 和春學報 |
卷 期 | 4 1997.07[民86.07] |
頁 次 | 頁415-425 |
分類號 | 627 |
關鍵詞 | 政治教育; 民族主義; 世界主義; Political indoctrination; Nationalism; Cosmopolitanism; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 滿清以人口僅有八十萬人的邊疆少數民族,乘明朝內亂,入主中國,統治人口比 它多一百倍的漢民族,而一向強週華夷之辨的漢人竟然乖乖地接受異族的不平等統治法達二 百六十六年之久。其間雖有三藩之亂和太平天國之亂,先後企圖以漢人力量推翻滿人的統治 ,可是均被擁護清廷的漢將漢兵所敉平。為何被統治的絕大多數漢人,尤其是知識份子,在 " 滿人為主,漢人為奴 " 的民族不平等統治下, 仍然效忠清廷,不思民族革命呢﹖對此一 問題, 史家都從政治、軍事、文化、經濟、社會等方面去解釋。這些史家固然都能持有有故 ,言之成理,但是他們對於清初三帝的政治教育,捨而不論,實屬忽視。不知清初的政治教 育,發揮了無形的影響力,使漢人在潛移默化中認同滿清政權,自失民族立場而不自知。國 父孫中山先生演講 < 民族主義 > 時,直指中國民族主義衰亡才是滿清政權得以長治久安之 主因,國父的真知灼見,不僅一針見血地廓清了滿清治漢的迷思,也反證了政治教育對於維 持政權穩定的重要性。 本文闡述了:康熙標榜 " 以孝治天下 ",巧妙地利用儒家思想,引 導漢人從孝子蛻變為忠臣; 雍正頒發 << 大義覺迷錄 >>,對漢人大事灌輸世界主義思想, 以消弭滿漢間的民族界線;乾隆實施文化戒嚴,藉編纂四庫全書之便,蒐集全國圖書,嚴加 檢查,從根剷除漢人之民族思想。漢民族經過清初三帝之洗腦,終於認賊作父,甘心效忠於騎 在他們頭上的異族政權了。 |
英文摘要 | The Manchus was a small nomadic tribe with a population of only 800,000 when the tribe trespassed on Peking in 1644. It was a historical miracle that such a minority could conquer the huge Han people (a predominate ethic group in China and are always called the Chinese people) and governed them for 266 years. During the Ching dynasty, the Han people rebellions against the Manchu regime, such as The War of the Three Feudatories and the Taiping Rebellion erupted, but were surpressed by those Han people who were loyal to the Manchu regime. although the Manchu regime politically discriminated against the Han people and classified them as "second citizen", the Han people still strongly supported their alien conquerors. Historians tried to explain the reason that Han people were loyal to the Manchu regime, but their explanations seemed to be unsatisfactory. In 1924, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the ROC founder, pointed out the disappearance of the Chinese nationalism prevented the Han people from overthrowing the alien regime. Because the Han people have been indoctrinated with Manchurian well-organized viewpoints, the Chinese nationalism has been overcome. When the Han people were not aware that they were ruled by the alien aggressors, they would not rise to fight against the alien regime. Dr. Sun's historical explanation not only uncovers the myth of the Manchurian long arbitrary rule over the Han people, but also attests the fact that the political indoctrination is important in amintaining a regime. This article aims to study how Emperor Kanghsi takes advantage of the traditional Confucianism to draw the Han people's loyalty, how Emperor Yung-cheng inspires cosmopolitanism to blur the ethic difference between the Manchus and the Chinese, and how Emperor Chien-lung lauches a nation-wide and lasting sensorship to uproot the Chinese nationalism. Through the first three Manchurian emperors' political maneuvers, the Han people have finally legitimated the alien Manchu regime and obeyed the conquerors. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。