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題名 | 臺灣牧草種原之保存及利用=Conservation and Utilization of Forage Germplasms in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 蕭素碧; 羅國棟; 許福星; | 書刊名 | 畜產研究 |
卷期 | 29:3 1996.09[民85.09] |
頁次 | 頁187-200 |
分類號 | 434.4 |
關鍵詞 | 牧草種原; 保存; 利用; Forage germplasms; Conservation; Utilization; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 牧草種原之保存及收集的目的即在避免原有草種的流失及擴大基因質之歧異度,以提高所要性狀選育之效率,包括選育高產、高品質、抗病、抗蟲、耐蔭、耐旱、持久性高且適地適種之草種,供推廣種植。所謂牧草即為全株皆可供餵飼草食動物的牧草,其品質須能被牲畜所接受,而產量須符合經濟效益,否則易淪為雜草。臺灣位處亞熱帶,地理環境特殊,草種甚多,但可作為牧草者並不多,目前保存之草種包括禾本科38屬260品種及豆科28屬71品種,另還有其他科屬者約8種,共計約339種,其中有些是本地種,大部份是引進者,而禾本科草種已經馴化成地區性牧草者有藍莖草、天竺草及海維稗等,經選育已大面積種植者有盤固草、克育草及狼尾草等,然有些草種不加栽培改良則易劣變為雜草,如爬拉草及星草等,殊屬可惜。至於豆科牧草如賽芻豆、爪哇大豆等產量雖高,但由於具蔓藤性,機械採收不易,一直沒有推廣,而苜蓿、紫雲英及埃及三葉草等由於環境因素,只限秋冬季於中北部有零星種植,產量不高,但豆科草種營養高且具固氮能力,除能當芻料外亦可作為綠肥以改善土壤肥力,因此加強豆科草種收集及選育是重要的。 牧草用途分為放牧、乾草、青飼及青眝用,而有些牧草地亦同時具有其他用途如休閒觀光、生態保護、水土保持、草皮及觀賞等,故牧草在生產、生活及生態上皆具有其功能性。另外牧草種原除可提供特殊基因質以改良草種外,亦兼具教學及提供國內外學術機構研究的材料,由上可知牧草種原在利用上具多樣性功能,因此其收集及保存工作應是持續且重要的。 |
英文摘要 | The purpose of forage germplasms collection and conservation is to promote the production and quality of forage crops by providing the desirable characters efficiently. It is important to keep and enlarge the diversities of genetic resources. In general, the desirable characters include high yield and quality, resistance to insects and diseases, tolerance of shading and drought, long persistence and high adaptability. Taiwan is located at subtropical area, there are lots of grass species because of its geographic environment. However, only a few species with high yield and quality can be used as animal forages. A total of 339 lines of grass materials including Gramineae 38 genera 260 lines, Leguminosae 28 genera 71 lines and other 8 genera are conserved by Taiwan Livestock Research Institute. Among them, some are native and most are introduced. Some grasses such as Delhigrass (bluestem), guineagrass and Paspalum vaginatum have been acclimatized as district forages. Pangolagrass and napiergrass have been largely grown in lowland areas in central and southern parts of Taiwan. Regretfully, it is about the changes from forage grasses to weeds such as paragrass and stargrass because they are not well cultivated. The biomass of siratro and Rhodesian kudzu are high, but it is not easy to harvest owing to the indefinite vein. The productions of alfalfa, milk vetch and Egyptian clover are limited by the hot and humid environment and only a few areas in middle northern parts have planted. Legume crops have the high quality as forage and also have the nitrogen fixing abilities which can improve the soil fertility. Therefore, it is important to emphasis the collection and breeding of legume species because of their multiple functions. The forage germplasms can provide the special genes to improve the species or their varieties. The forage crops can be utilized as pasture, hay-making, green chops as feedstuff and silage. In the same time, they can also be used as leisure-sightseeing, ecological protection, soil and water conservation and turf. Besides, they are applied as the education materials and germs exchanging with other countries. Therefore, it is an important and permanent work to collect and conserve the forage germplasms for grass-eating animals and human's demand. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。