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題名 | 以多組起迄旅次探討高速公路擁擠稅=A Study of Highway Congestion Tax by Multiple O-D Trips Approach |
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作 者 | 蔡智發; 鄭淑穎; | 書刊名 | 經濟研究. 臺北大學經濟學系 |
卷期 | 36:1 1999.01[民88.01] |
頁次 | 頁25-43 |
分類號 | 557.31 |
關鍵詞 | 擁擠稅; 多組起迄旅次; Congestion tax; Multiple origin-destination O-D trips; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 從經濟學的觀點而言,擁擠為一外部性問題,將因擁擠造成的外部成本內生化, 可對擁擠現象課徵擁擠稅以反應用路者的真實成本。本研究所探討的擁擠稅問題乃考慮多組 起迄旅次之用路者並加上需求法則之效果。因此,擁擠稅課徵的數額應隨不同旅次起迄用路 者而有所差異。本研究乃導出一高速公路在不同起迄旅次用路者擁擠稅的理論模型,並以一 數值化例子分析當用路者的邊際成本、不同起迄旅次用路者之需求彈性變動時,課擁擠稅前 後的均衡起迄車流量、均衡區間車流量與擁擠稅額之改變情形。結果顯示擁擠稅的課徵雖然 會使區間車流量下降,但因各組起迄車流量在共用路段的相互影響,可能使某起迄車流量在 課稅後反而呈現增加的現象。 |
英文摘要 | From the view of economists, congestion is an externality problem. To endogenize the external cost resulting from congestion, we can levy a congestion tax on the users to reflect their real costs. We discuss the congestion problem by considering multiple origin-destination (O-D) users as well as the effect of demand rule. Therefore, the congestion tax rate on different O-D users should be different. This study is to derive a theoretical model of congestion tax for various O-D users on a highway. A numerical example is employed to analyze the changes on equilibrium O-D traffic volumes, equilibrium section traffic volumes, and congestion tax rate when (a)users' marginal costs and (b)the demand elasticities of various O-D users change respectively. We show that levying a congestion tax on users would decrease the section traffic volumes as expected. However, because of the interaction among the O-D traffic volumes on the common section (s) of highway, some O-D traffic volumes might increase after levying taxes. |
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