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題名 | Speech Perception of Temporally Reversed Syllables by Normally Hearing Adults=時間倒置音節之聽覺處理接受 |
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作者 | 李宗伊; | 書刊名 | 中華醫學雜誌 |
卷期 | 57:1 1996.01[民85.01] |
頁次 | 頁1-6 |
分類號 | 416.812 |
關鍵詞 | 音響聽覺處理; 語音聽覺處理; 言語聽覺接受; 言語聽覺接受測試; 言語聽覺處理; Acoustic processing; Phonetic processing; Speech perception; Speech perception test; Speech processing; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 背景:言語聽辨力測試已成為評量言語接受能力的主要方法。本研究之主要目的是為確定聲韻知識在言語聽辨力的簡易測試時,其對聽辨力的影響。聽障對幼童的影響之一是無法使其得到正常的言語-語言發展。為使其及早接受聽能復健及教育計劃,準確有效的評估幼聾童的聽覺接受力是復健計劃的基本要件。因此,設計一個適用於幼聾童的聽覺接受力的測驗,必須考慮測試材料及方法的適用性。此測驗應免於幼童言語能力之影響。是以,在本研究實驗中將試題、時間倒置,限制受測者使用聲韻知識,然而其所包含之音響能量仍保留不變。 方法:五位正常聽力且以英語為母語的成人為受測者。每位實驗人受以語言音素對照,使用三間段、強制選擇(二同一異之三選一)測試法評估其言力。僅選擇有聲暴破,無聲暴破,有聲塞擦,無聲塞擦音之構音部位之語音接收做評估。測試材料為:自然語音音節和相同音節但時間倒置之倒置音節。另外,本研究同時採行固定和變化兩種文體測試。受測者的任務是辨認每次測試情況中相異音節。 結果:倒置音節的錯失率在統計上有意義地高於正常音節的錯失率(6.7%vs.1.7%),但是倒置效應僅出現於暴破音(11.7vs.1.7%),而非塞擦音(0.8%vs.0.8%)。和預估相反,倒置效應在混合文體中並無顯著的加大。在倒置測試情況下,受實驗者的語音聽辨力顯示有意義的個別差異性。 結論:有意義的主要倒置效應支持中心假設,若語音處理過程受到阻抗時,既使是用簡單的實驗步驟,聽辨力亦招致損害。求證中得知唯暴破音出現強烈倒置效應,更加支持原假設,無倒置效應的塞擦音是因其語音特性(時間上較對稱)而不受音節倒置影響。本文作者原預估混合音節文體在音響方式處理下,聽辨力會退步,可是實驗結果並未支持此假設。受測者在倒置音節測試情況下所顯現的個別差異,或許受個人態度與聽覺經驗影響。雖然歪曲刺激音可提供檢查聽覺處理策略的工具,但由此研究的結果建議,將音節倒置並不足以干擾語音處理聽覺接受之過程。 |
英文摘要 | Background: The general purpose of this study was to determine the effects of phonological knowledge on performance on a simple task of speech discrimination. If a test can be devised that is independent of the subject's phonological knowledge then it should be possible to measure auditory speech perception capacity in young deaf children before they have developed spoken language skills. In the present study, temporal reversal was used to limit normal subjects' use of phonological knowledge without removing acoustic information. Methods: An auditory, 3-interval, forced-choice (oddity) test of phonetic contrast perception was administered to 5 normally hearing adult speakers of English. Perception of place of articulation was measured in stops and fricatives-both voiced and unvoiced. The test was presented both with natural syllables and with the same syllables reversed in time. In addition, the test was administered with a fixed context and a mixed context (i.e., context changing from trial to trial). The subject's task was always to identify the odd-man-out in each presentation of 3 syllables. Results: Overall, error rate was significantly higher for temporally-reversed than for natural syllables (6.7% versus 1.7%). The effect was, however, present only in stops (11.7% versus 1.7%) and not in fricatives (0.8% versus 0.8%). Changing from a fixed to a mixed context did not influence the effect of reversal. There were, however, significant differences among subjects in the temporally reversed condition. Conclusions: The main effect of reversal supports the hypothesis that performance falls, even on a simple task, when phonetic processing is impeded. The fact that the effect is present only for stops adds further support, because temporal reversal does not affect the essential acoustic properties of fricatives. The presence of inter-subject differences suggests that the ability to switch to an acoustic strategy when phonetic processing is impeded may be affected by aptitude and experience. The fact that error rate was low, even for reversed stops, suggests that a test of this type could be used for assessing speech perception capacity in deaf children with impaired phonology. The procedure is not, however, completely independent of the effects of phonetic processing. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。