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題 名 | 以混合法推估溫室作物之耗水型態 |
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作 者 | 黃振昌; 王鼎盛; | 書刊名 | 農業工程學報 |
卷 期 | 39:3 1993.09[民82.09] |
頁 次 | 頁31-52 |
分類號 | 435.16 |
關鍵詞 | 作物; 耗水型態; 混合法; 溫室; 作物耗水型態; Combination approach; The greenhouses; Crop water consumptive type; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究嚐試以結合能量平衡法與空氣動力法之混合法,藉實際在具有代表性之不同類型之現場按裝儀器及其施測所得之溫室內、外氣象資料,進行溫室作物耗水型態之分析,得如下初步結論: 1.所選10棟溫室所測得之內溫與外溫之比值,即A、B值,均呈現A>B之現象,而且,據此連同其他微氣候資料而推估之參考作物需水量比值,亦呈 之現象,顯現『溫度』是溫室微氣候中重要、明顯之指標。 2.風速,水汽分子蒸發散飄向大氣之動力媒介,但與作物蒸發散量之相關值程度,並不是很高,從分析結果顯示,亦獲有相同結論,即設施內、外風速比值大於1,C>1,則ETi1/ETo或ETi2/ETo <1,反之,設施內、外風速比值小於1,C<1,則 ETi1/ETo或ETi2/ETo >1。 3.從10棟不同代表類之溫室,依施測資料分析之結果,大致可概分出不同類型之溫室,相對地,具有之不同作物耗水型態,分列如下: (A).以塑膠材料為覆蓋材、通風良好且溫室效應不高者,其室內與露地栽培之作物需水量大致一樣,即溫室之作物需水量與露天作物栽培具相等之作物需水量ETi=ETo ,如:臺中農業改良場簡易溫室、大林糖廠高脊溫室、進利蘭園齒狀溫室、嘉義農試分所網溫室及臺大梅峰連棟溫室等五棟,即是屬於1:1之類型。其中,又以大林糖廠高脊溫室、進利蘭園齒狀溫室及嘉義農試分所網溫室,均以自然通風之方式進行換氣而得等於或低於外氣溫之植物生長環境,由此觀點亦印證ETi=ETo之結論。 (B).玻璃溫室或塑膠溫室具有內遮陰網,或密閉而通風不佳之蘭花溫室,其溫室效應較高者之類型,如:臺中農改場水耕栽培玻璃溫室,屬於ETi=1.25ETo之類型;烏樹林糖廠蘭花溫室、 鳳山園藝試驗所太子樓溫室及省農業試驗所太子樓簡易溫室等三棟,屬於ETi=1.50ETo之類型,本研究所選10棟溫室中,兩棟太子樓式之溫室,都獲得ETi=1.50ETo之結果;清華蘭園長桁溫室,屬於ETi=2.00ETo之類型。 |
英文摘要 | By means of ten greenhouses and microclimate data, this study takes combination approach to estimate the crop water consumptive type. Some preliminary results were obtained, they can be expressed as follows: 1.The ratio of inside temperature and outside, A and B, it shows A greater than B. Furthermore, estimating on the ratio of crop water requirements by others microclimate data which also shows ETil/ETo>ETi2/ETo. From this we find that temperature is an important index of microclimate data in the greenhouses. 2.Water vapors into the atmosphere in evaporation process. Windspeed is not only a dynamic medium but also low relationship with evapotranspiration. This study proves same conclusion from measuring and analysising microclimate data. That is, C>1, then ETi 1/ETo or ETi2/ETo<1. On the other hand, C<1, then ETi1/ETo or ETi2/ETo>1. 3.According to microclimate data collected and analyzed from ten greenhouses, we can categorize different kinds consumptive use of water as below: A. Greenhouses with plastic shading materials, good ventilation system and lower greenhouse effect such as the tunnel-type greenhouse of Tai-Chung Agricultural Improvement Station, steep-type greenhouse of Ta-Lin Sugar Factory, shead-type greenhouse of Tsin-Li Orchid Gargen, totally-netted greenhouse of Chia-Yih Agriculture Research Institute and greenhouses of May-Fon of National Taiwan University, whose crop water requirements equal to that in the fields. Therein, the steep-type greenhouse of Ta-Lin Sugar Factory, shead-type greenhouse of Tsin-Li Orchid Garden and totally-netted greenhouse of Chia-Yih Agriculture Research Institute whose plant growth temperature are equal to or lower than that of outside. View of above description, this study confirms that ETi=ETo. B. Greenhouses with glasses or shading materials inside of plastichouse or bad ventilation system belong to higher greenhouse effect. For example, such as ETi=1.25ETo, the glasshouse of Tai-Chung Agricultural Improvement Station; ETi=1.50ETo, the orchid greenhouse of Wu-Su-Lin Sugar Factory, greenhouse of Feng-Shan Tropical Horticultural Experiment Station and greenhouse of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute; ETi=2.00 ETo, the longitudinal type greenhouse of Chin-Hwa Orchid Garden. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。