頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 佛典中的「觀」與「念」=The Meditative Thinking and Budda-Chanting in the Main Texts of the Pure-Land Buddhism |
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作者 | 羅錦堂; 羅錦堂; Lo, Chin-tang; |
期刊 | 中國文哲研究集刊 |
出版日期 | 19920300 |
卷期 | 2 民81.03 |
頁次 | 頁109-168 |
分類號 | 221.01 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 佛典; 觀; 念; 稱名; 觀想; |
英文摘要 | The main classical texts on which the Pure-Land sect was based were 1) the Synopsis of the Aparimitayus Sutra , also known as the Larger Sukhavativyuha ; 2) The Buddha Speaks of Amitabha , i.e. , the Smaller Sukhavati-Vyuha ; and 3) the Amitayur-Dhyana Sutra , or the Sixteen Steps of Meditation on the Buddha Amitabha . In the Qing Dynasty , Wei Yuan added to those three texts the last chapter of the Buddha-Avatamusaka Sutra or Flower Adornment Sutra , which is also known as Samantabhardra Boddhisattva's Ten Great Vows . All these constituted the so-called Four Sutras of the Pure-Land Sect . Finally , Master Yin Guang of modern times added to the four texts the chapter of Boddhisattva Mahasthama of Shurangama Sutra which made the Five Classics of the Pure-Land Sect . Since then , those who practice with the Pure-Land Sect have all had to read the five texts . This article will first discuss the Amitayur-Dhyana Sutra which was originally Sakyamuni's(561-483 B.C.) explanatory talk on Jing Ye San Fu(pure deeds and three blessings)(注1) to Queen Vaidehi and her five hundred maidservants at Magadha Palace of King Bimhisara in India . The three principal points of Jing Ye San Fu(pure deeds and three blessings) were : First , be filial to parents , show respect for and serve your teacher and elders , have a kind heart and never kill a living creature , and cultivate yourself in doing the ten good deeds ; (注2) second , accept and practice the three ways to follow Buddhist faith(san bo) , (注3) observe all the disciplines and conventions concerning appropriate behavior of man , (注4) and in the meantime , do not violate the required etiquette and manners as a buddhist ; (注5) and third , cultivate a heart of bodhi , (注6) and conceive a deep faith in cause and . effect , (注7)※ read and learn by heart Mahayana , and encourage those who practice it . Secondly , this paper will move to the sixteen methods and steps with regard to how one is able to access to the Xitian realm of supreme blessedness , that is , by means of meditative thinking , holding in mind the images of the various supremeness and beauty in the Xitian realm as well as the magnificent vision of the Three Holies . (注8) In this way , the living creatures are made to understand what is to make a Buddha mind , that is , meditation of Buddha ,(注9) and how the Buddha of meditation can be reached . That also means that the individual's mind could manipulate ten thousand things in the universe . However , the general mind , just like a monkey that defies confinement , always tends to run away , making turns around things , but not being able to make things turn . This is why there is hardship and suffering . As we know it , any Buddhadharma could not be separated from the mind . If it is separated from the mind , all the sensory functions , such as seeing , listening , and eating , would cease . Therefore , Confucius also says , "When our mind is not attentive , we look without seeing , listen without hearing , and eat without tasting" . (Da Xue 8) This is absolutely true and undeniable to everybody . The sixteen methods of meditative thinking as formulated in the Amitayur-Dhyana Sutra are meant to teach those who have superior roots and wisdom (注10) but not suitable for those who have inferior roots and wisdom . Sakyamuni therefore also explained the Buddha-chanting method enacted in The Buddha Speaks Amitabha and the Amitayur Dhyana Sutra . This method is not only good for those who have inferior roots and wisdom but also important for the superior-rooted and -wisdomed as well as for all Buddhist monks . There is no school of Buddhism which does not observe the Buddha-chanting method , which is therefore not exclusive to the Pure-Land Sect . However , what on earth is this Buddha-chanting method ? And how could one reach the Supreme Blessed Realm by an easier way ? This article will unfold a detailed introduction and exploration , combine theoretically meditative thinking and Buddha-chanting , and place them in an organic whole so that we will have a simple , efficient way of pursuing the Pure-Land Buddhism . 注釋: (1)Jing ye means good karma , the deeds which lead to birth in the Pure-Land . San fu , the three(sources of) felicity : 1) The Amitabha Buddha Sutra has the felicity of (a) shi , i.e. , filial piety , regard for elders , keeping the ten commandments ; (b) jie , i.e. , disciplines of keeping the other commandments ; (c) xing , or practice of resolve on complete bodhi and the pursuit of the Buddha-way . Jing ye san fu is , therefore , the three things that bring a happy lot-almsgiving , impartial kindness and love , pondering over the demands of the life beyond . (2)The ten good characteristics , or virtues , which were defined as the non-committal of the ten evils , are therefore the excellent karma resulting from practice of the ten commandments . (3)San bo , i.e. , san gui , idem . (4)Zhong jie ,here refers to the observation of all kinds of disciplines and conventions which are held by the masses . (5)Bu fan wei yi means not relaxing the buddhist regulations concerning appropriate behaviors and postures when you travel , ask for a lodging , sit , or lie in bed . (6)pu ti xin , that is , the mind for or of bodhi ; the awakened , or enlightened mind , the mind that perceives the real behind the seeming , believes in moral consequences , and that all have the Buddha-nature , and aim at Buddhahood . (7)It means that there are cause-and-effect relations in every thing and event in the universe , that if there is an effect , there must be a cause , and vice versa . This is also called a cause and effect correspondence , that is , the automatic repayment in later life of whatever one has done on earth . (8)The Three Holies are Amitabha , Avalokitesvara , and Boddhisattva Mahasthama . (9)Shi xin shi fo means this mind is Buddha , and / or the mind of Buddha . (10)Shang gen shang zhi are those who have superior character or capacity , e.g. with superior organs of sight , hearing , etc. , therefore , they have superior wisdom. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。