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題名 | 論毛澤東的反知識及其後遺症= |
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作者 | 林賢治; |
期刊 | 逢甲學報 |
出版日期 | 19901100 |
卷期 | 23 1990.11[民79.11] |
頁次 | 頁31-53 |
分類號 | 782.88 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 毛澤東; |
中文摘要 | 自文化歷史的觀點來考察,中國專制政治具有反知識的傾向。以「帝王」自命的毛澤東是在一個新的歷史條件下,不自覺地承襲了這個傾向,培養了反知識的心態,進而展開一連串的反知識運動。但是,毛澤東的反知識作風和特質並不完全雷同於中國專制帝王的反知識作風和特質,而是有其獨到之處,亦有其理論基礎。由於毛澤東長期反知識的深遠影響,至今,中共領導人雖然為了「四個現代化」,大聲疾呼要落實「尊重知識和知識份子」政策,並批判和力圖改正毛澤東反知識的錯誤理論,但是,他們還是跳不開反知識心態的窠臼。所以,可預期的是,中國大陸知識份子未來的命運依舊是暗淡的。 綜觀毛澤東反知識的特質:(1)反知識是一種階級鬥爭;(2)以群眾運動的方式來進行反知識;(3)反知識的制度化;(4)反知識和權力鬥爭相結合。其理論基礎是:(1)知識是一種私有財產;(2)以實踐觀點處理知識問題;(3)消滅腦力勞動和體力勞動的對立和差別;(4)以辯證觀點處理知識問題。 |
英文摘要 | Chinese monarchic politics showed a tendency to anti-knowledge from the standpoint of cultural history. Mao Tse-tung, who regarded himself as a "monarch", in a new historical condition, inherited this tendency unconsciously and cultivated the disposition of anti-knowledge and, therefore, started a series of anti-knowledge movements. However, the styles and characteristics of Mao's anti-knowledge were guite different from those of chinese monarchs'. Because of the far-reaching impact of Mao's anti-knowledge, althought chinese communist leaders shout at the top of their voices to realize the policy of "value knowledge and Intellectuals" for the "Four Modernizations" and also criticize and correct the theories of Mao's anti-knowledge at present, after all, they can't escape from the old ruts of anti-knowledge, Therefore, we can anticipate that the future destiny of intellectuals in mainland china will be as dreary as it used to be. To sum up, the characteristics of Mao's anti-knowledge are as follows: (1) Anti-knowledge is a class struggle; (2) Anti-knowledge is carried out by means of mass movement; (3) Anti-knowledge is institutionalized; (4) Anti-knowledge and power struggle combine. The theories of Mao's anti-knowledge are as follows: (1) knowledge is a private property; (2) Knowledge should be treated from the viewpoint of praxis, (3) The opposition and difference between mental power labour and physical power labour should be removed; (4) Knowledge should be treated from the viewpoint of dialectics. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。