頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 早期稻作栽培史= |
---|---|
作者 | 張德慈; |
期刊 | 中華農學會報 |
出版日期 | 19761200 |
卷期 | 96 1976.12[民65.12] |
頁次 | 頁3-15 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 早期稻作; 栽培史; |
中文摘要 | 亞洲稻作最早馴化於印度北部和沿連至越南與中國濱海間的地帶。稻作栽培起始由於狩獵、捕魚和採食為生的居民偶然撒落種子在低窪土地並改造成耕種的環境。整地、插秧、和灌溉主要發展於中國黃河流域及漢水盆地,其後傳播至東南亞。由於稻作之栽培係自天然淹水區擴展至深水或乾田之邊緣地區,人為與自然的選擇極快地加速了特殊型態水稻之發展,諸如浮稻和陸稻。在一地理區域範圍內由人為的栽培推廣與繼續的選擇可產生出足以識別的稻型或種族,但是在一個地區內主要品種迅速地發生變遷是由於人與人間廣泛的接觸。此種交流亦可導引人口的增加、食性的改變,並使特殊合適於水田拉曳之畜力與有關農機具的大規模採用。當水稻品種消失它們原始的特性而獲得廣大的適應性,則不稔性之障礙得以研究,以及部分重複同基因子消失了。一種生長儉約且高產的株型便在溫帶形成。 相反的,非洲稻種間遺傳變異很小,因為它們沒有經過有關品種分布與栽培方面強力的選擇。 |
英文摘要 | Asian rice was first domesticated in the area between north India and the Pacific coast adjoining Vietnam and China. Rice cultivation began when the hunting, fishing, and foodgathering inhabitants dropped seeds into low-lying fields and manipulated the cultural environment. Land preparation, transplanting, and irrigation were largely developed in the Yellow River-Han River basin of China, spreading later to Southeast Asia. As rice culture expanded from the naturally flooded areas into fringe areas where the water was deep or the soil was mesic, humen and natural selection greatly accelerated the development of specialized types such as the floating and upland rices. Recognizable races of rice resulted from man's extension of its culture and persistent within a geographic region, but rapid changes in predominant varieties occurred within an area due to extensive contacts among people. Such exchanges also resulted in population increases, changes in diet, and predominance of specific draft animals and associated farm tools. While rice cultivars lost their primitive characteristics and acquired wider adaptation, sterility barriers developed and some duplicate loci disappeared. A thrify and productive plant-type evolved in the temperate regions. In contrast, the African rice has undergone little genetic diversification because it has not been subjected to the intense forces of selection associated with dispersal and cultivation. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。