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題 名 | 臺灣省山地鄉特殊醫療保健需求之研究=Health Care Demands and Needs for Aboriginal Townships in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 洪百薰; 呂孟穎; 羅素英; 張瑛玿; 洪美玟; 吳聖良; 姚克明; | 書刊名 | 公共衛生 |
卷 期 | 26:3 1999.10[民88.10] |
頁 次 | 頁221-250 |
分類號 | 412.775 |
關鍵詞 | 山地鄉; 健康需求評估; 次級分析; 深入訪談; Aboriginal townships; Health needs assessment; Secondary analysis; In-depth interview; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究蒐集並分析現有山地鄉健康相關文獻、省衛生處民國70~85年死因資料檔、 中央健保局民國85年門診及住院資料檔,並針對各鄉意見領袖進行深度訪談,以瞭解各山地 鄉居民主觀感受到之重要健康問題及醫療保健需求。透過文獻資料、死因及疾病統計、民眾 主觀感受之交叉比較分析,發現如下: 1.民國70~85年間山地鄉之標準化死亡率均遠高於臺灣區;其標準化死亡率雖呈下降趨勢,但 下降幅度較臺灣地區為小。酒癮、結核病、慢性肝病肝硬化、腸道傳染病、支氣管炎肺氣腫 氣喘、事故傷害、上呼吸道疾病等之標準化死亡比為臺灣地區之三倍以上。 2.民國85年內,80.38%山地鄉民眾使用過門診服務,使用本鄉衛生所者佔9.4%。12.74%民眾 曾住院過,其中69.46%在本縣其他鄉鎮市之醫院就醫。 3.事故傷害、高血壓疾病、結核病、飲酒、嚼檳榔等在30個山地鄉均被資源人士列為重要健 康問題;而建立緊急醫療系統、改善當地醫療服務可近性與品質為其主要需求。 4.經資料交叉比較後發現,山地鄉的共有的健康問題有事故傷害、腦血管疾病、慢性肝病肝硬 化、心臟疾病、支氣管炎肺氣腫氣喘、高血壓疾病等。飲酒、嚼檳榔等健康行為問題亦普遍 存在山地鄉。其他健康問題則有明顯的鄉間差異。 根據研究結果建議:1)山地鄉健康問題宜根據其共通性或特異性,由主管單位或衛生所分層負 責改善;2)鼓勵衛生所根據社區需求評估結果擬定工作計畫;3)透過在職訓練,加強衛生所人 員執行社區需求評估之能力;4)山地鄉醫療資源分配及衛生所工作重點之規劃,宜打破行政區 範圍,參考鄰近鄉鎮市之醫療資源及其間之交通方便性,做跨鄉鎮之規劃;5)普遍建立支援醫 院制度;6)針對山地鄉文化與風俗習慣,加強各種醫療保健服務替代方案之研究。 |
英文摘要 | The purpose of this study is to explore health needs of aboriginal townships residents. Secondary analyses were conducted based on death registration database from Taiwan Provincial Department of Health and medical services utilization database from the Bureau of National Health Insurance to examine mortality, morbidity and health care utilization of 30 aboriginal townships. In-depth interviews were also applied to local key informants for perceived health problems and demands. The main findings are: 1. Standardized Death Rate of aboriginal townships has been descending during 1981 to 1996, but the rates of descending are less than those of Taiwan area. Besides, most Standardized Mortality Ratios of death causes are significantly higher than those of Taiwan area. 2. 80.38% of aboriginal townships' residents had visited outpatient clinics in 1996, but only 9.4% used local health stations. The leading causes for visiting clinics are upper respiratory tract diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases, teeth and supporting structures' diseases, and eye and adnexa disorders. 3. 12.74% of aboriginal townships' residents had been hospitalized in 1996. Since there is no hospital in aboriginal townships, all hospitalizations were out of townships and 69.46% of them went to hospitals in county. The leading causes of hospitalization are normal delivery, direct obstetric causes, pneumonia, and fractures. 4. The most common health problems that informants perceived are accidents, hypertensive diseases, tuberculosis, drinking problem and betel nut chewing. From residents' point of view, to set up emergency care system, to improve accessibility and quality of health care in their own villages are the most desirable. 5. According to subjective and objective data, accidents, cerebrovascular diseases, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, heart diseases, bronchitis, emphysema and asthma, hypertensive diseases, drinking problem and betel nut chewing are the most common health problems in aboriginal townships. We recommend our government might consider to establish emergency care system, encourage health stations conducting community health assessment, develop in-service training programs for health workers, relocate health resources and establish hospital supporting system in aboriginal areas. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。