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題 名 | 利用過去稻作育種試驗產量資料決定最適試區大小與重複次數的可靠性研究=Reliability of the Use of Past Yield Data from Rice Breeding Experiments in Determining Optimum Plot Size and Replicates Number |
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作 者 | 呂秀英; 呂椿棠; 陳正昌; 曾東海; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 173 1996.03[民85.03] |
頁 次 | 頁69-84 |
分類號 | 434.111 |
關鍵詞 | 稻作育種試驗; 土壤異質性指標; 區集內相關; 試區大小; 重複次數; 相對效率; 成本; Rice breeding experiments; Soil heterogeneity index; Intrablock correlation; Plot size; Replicates number; Relative efficiency; Cost; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 適當地決定田間試驗設計之試區大小及重複次數,可提高適驗處理比較之準確度。要決定最適試區大小及重複次數,必須先瞭解試驗用地的土壤肥力差異狀況。由於利用傳統的均度試驗以Smith法則所估計之土壤異質性指標(b)常會因田區之不同而改變,且使用一個以上的b值來代表同一田區,並不切實際,因此Binns (1982)提出以過去重複的逢機完全區集設計(RCBD)之田間試驗資料,經由變方分析計算區集內相關後即可估計出b值。為檢視利用過去試驗之資料分析能取代傳統均渡試驗的可靠性及適用性,本研究收集臺灣省農業試驗所過去所進行之各種RCBD之稻作育種試驗產量資料,採用Binns方法估算b值,並與前作均度試驗所得結果作一比較。該法毋須負擔太多成本,較均度試驗省時省力,故可涵蓋更多的面積及季節。然而,其在使用上仍存在兩個缺點:(1)由於大多數田間試驗的區集設定,都是維持區集間之土壤差異為最大,因此試區間(即區集大小)的差異一般都會有高估的現象,故利用過去試驗所估得之b值多較均度試驗所得者低估;(2)倘過去田間試驗之區集設置不妥,會造成所估計之b值精確度降低,以致b值在年度及期作之間的變異性較大。對此,建議在應用上宜儘量收集更多的試驗,同時在合併同一地區各年試驗之估算結果時,採用所有試驗的一個中量b值作為判斷基準。以此b值可建立兩種表格:不同試區大小及重複次數的相對效率值表,以及處理數、試區大小及重複次數對試驗面積的影響關係表。利用表中結果,能使試驗者依自己對試驗準確度及相對成之要求,決定出試區大小及重複次數之最佳組合。 |
英文摘要 | Efficient testing of treatment differences in field experiments depends on experimental precision. The choice of suitable plot size and replicates number should reduce experimental error and depend on individual soil variability. Using the conventional method from uniformity trial data, an index of soil heterogeneity (b) can be estimated by Smith's law. Since the value of b has been shown to differ from field to field for many crops, to use one or more estimates of b as representative of a station is generally not realistic. Recently, this problem was resolved through the use of intrablock correlation from the ANOVA of randomized complete block designs (RCBD) by Binns (1982). That is, the estimates of b can be derived from the data of past replicated field experiments. To test the reliability and applicability of Binn's method, this study examined the estimates of b using yield data from both of uniformity trials and past breeding experiments for rice in Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. The method using data from past field experiments ca be used without entailing too much cost and, thus more areas and seasons are covered instead of the limited areas of the uniformity trial. However, the results showed that the use of data from past field experiments in measuring the b has a few disadvantages: (1) Because blocks in most field experiments are set up so that a large portion of the soil variability remains between blocks, he variance between plots (the size of a block) is generally overestimated. Thus the values of b derived from past experiments might be underestimated as compared to those from uniformity trials. (2) When blocks have not been laid out successfully, the estimates of b have low accuracy. This would result great variations among different years and seasons in the estimates of b. As more b values are gathered and studied, the researcher can futher refine his experiments. A median value for b was obtained from the combined analysis over all years and seasons. With this b value, two tables were presented: one showed the relative efficiency of two RCBD having different plot sizes and replicates numbers, and the other showed the effect of treatments number, plot size and replicates number upon the required experimental areas (measurement of cost factors). By judicious use of these two tables, the optimum combination of plot size and replicates number ca be determined to balance presicion and cost. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。