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題名 | 發熱伴血小板減少綜合症疫情與風險評估=Epidemic Status and Risk Assessment of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 施函君; 許建邦; 李佳琳; 郭宏偉; | 書刊名 | 疫情報導 |
卷期 | 39:4 2023.02.21[民112.02.21] |
頁次 | 頁46-55 |
分類號 | 412.42 |
關鍵詞 | 長角血蜱; 微小扇頭蜱; 國內首例本土; 風險評估; SFTS; Rhipicephalus microplus; The first confirmed autochthonous case; Risk assessment; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
DOI引用網址 | 10.6524/EB.202302_39(4).0001 |
中文摘要 | 發熱伴血小板減少綜合症(severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, SFTS)為新興急性傳染病,其病毒於2009年首度於中國大陸河南省個案分離發現,該病之流行國家主要為中國大陸、日本及韓國。由於我國鄰近流行國家,國內亦有可作為SFTS病毒(severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, SFTSV)傳播媒介之多種硬蜱分布,且過去曾於國內牛、羊及其外寄生之微小扇頭蜱檢出SFTSV,並於羊隻檢出抗SFTSV抗體。此外,疾病管制署分別於2019年11月4日及2022年5月10日各檢出1例本土確診個案,序列分析皆屬於Group B,其病毒株與韓國及日本流行株較相近。綜合上述,為瞭解國內疫情風險及研訂防治措施參考依據,亟需評估SFTS對我國影響及可能衝擊。本文參考國際間風險評估架構,搜集國人感染風險、國內流行可能性、疾病嚴重性及防治策略等資訊進行評估。結果顯示,SFTS境外移入人類病例及社區流行之風險為低,惟不排除境外移入感染動物或透過候鳥攜帶病媒等方式進入我國。另SFTS致死率高約6–30%,可對國人健康造成威脅,綜合研判SFTS於國內疫情風險為中度風險。基於維護國人健康,疾病管制署於2020年4月15日已將其列入第四類法定傳染病及持續主動監測,加強高風險區經濟動物、野生動物及病媒之監測,藉由衛教宣導提高大眾與醫療院所對SFTS防治認知及警覺性,以及落實接觸血體液及插管時之防護及隔離等措施,以避免接觸傳染,進而降低國內流行風險及衝擊。 |
英文摘要 | Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging acute infectious disease. The SFTS virus (SFTSV) was first isolated from a case in Henan province, China, 2009. The epidemic countries were mainly China, Japan, and South Korea which lie close to Taiwan. Many hard tick species distributed in Taiwan could be SFTSV transmission vectors. The virus has been detected in domestic cattle and sheep, as well as their external parasites, Rhipicephalus microplus. SFTSV antibodies had also been detected in sheep. Moreover, we identified the first confirmed autochthonous case on November 4, 2019, and the virus strain is similar to those in Japan and South Korea. Based on the above, to realize the domestic epidemic risk and strategies for prevention and control, it is urgent to assess the impact of SFTS in Taiwan. We referred to the international risk assessment framework and collected information such as the risk of infection among compatriots, the possibility of a domestic epidemic, disease severity, and prevention and treatment strategies. The results showed that the risk of imported cases and epidemics in communities was low, but the risk of imported infected animals was possible. Even vectors could enter Taiwan through migratory birds. In addition, the fatality rate of SFTS was about 6–30%, which could pose a health impact on people. The comprehensive assessment determined that the risk of SFTS in the domestic epidemic was moderate. To protect the people, SFTS had been listed as Category IV Notifiable Infectious Diseases since April 15, 2020, and we would continue active surveillance and strengthen the monitoring of economic animals, wild animals, and vectors in high-risk areas. We also would improve the cognition and alertness of compatriots and medical institutions and implement measures such as protection and isolation during bleeding and intubation to avoid contagious infection. Such strategies could reduce the risk and impact of the domestic epidemic. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。