頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 北部地區蔬菜產業人力需求及外勞僱用之研究=Study on Labor Demand of Vegetable Farms and Hiring Foreign Workers in Northern Taiwan |
---|---|
作 者 | 李宗樺; 徐振家; | 書刊名 | 桃園區農業改良場研究彙報 |
卷 期 | 84 2018.12[民107.12] |
頁 次 | 頁53-70 |
分類號 | 431.24 |
關鍵詞 | 農業缺工; 季節性調度; 外勞僱用認知; 外勞僱用意願; Agriculture labor shortage; Seasonal dispatch; Willingness to hire foreign workers; Cognition to hire foreign workers; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 臺灣農業勞動缺工情形日益嚴峻,為瞭解北部地區蔬菜產業缺工情形,做為研擬相關應對政策之依據,本研究於2014至2015年間進行利用結構式問卷,進行橫斷面量化調查,調查北部地區蔬菜產業人力需求情形,瞭解其實際缺工缺口、人力來源、人力運用機制及僱用外勞意願等認知。調查結果顯示,北部地區蔬菜農場整年皆有缺工問題,普遍待遇低於勞基法最低薪資,蔬菜產業最需人力工項為採收。最需人力時期為5-8月,每公頃人力平均需18人天,透過聘用人力為補充14人天,平均約佔70%總人力。49%的農場主認為透過政府補助保險費等,可以減輕其人力成本,34%農場主認為透過農會成立人力仲介服務平台,可以減少人力成本。由關聯性分析發現,農場背景及未來人力需求與引進外勞議題的立場具有顯著關聯性,50歲以下之經營者,認為未來經營發展需要人力,位於桃園市的經營者認為極需要人力,顯示缺工問題普遍發生在桃園市種植蔬菜的青年農民經營者農場中。此外,農場背景與引進農業外勞的意願也具有顯著關聯性,桃園市經營者對於引進農業外勞呈現集中在不願意及願意兩極;新竹縣經營者意願較高;新北市經營者態度中立。僱用外勞相關知識與僱用外勞意願相關性分析顯示,對僱用外勞期限、工作時間限制及勞資爭議等三項法規不熟悉者,僱用意願接近5成,顯示農場經營者可能尚未全面瞭解引進外勞利弊。綜合本研究調查結果,解決蔬菜產業農業缺工問題,可以朝以下幾點方向努力:一、建立農業人力媒合平台及資料庫;二、提供受僱人員保險及相關補助;三、農場作業環境改善及省工機械研發;四、儘速針對引進農業外勞之衝擊評估,並透過政策座談讓農民對僱用外勞之利弊有更全面的了解。 |
英文摘要 | Labor shortage in Taiwan has become a pressing issue. This study focuses on labor shortage problems in vegetable farms in northern Taiwan because vegetable is one of the most important industries in this region. The investigation took place from 2014 to 2015. The quantity of labor shortage, the source of labor, labor delegation and the willingness to hire foreign workers are investigated. The results show that labor shortage is a chronic problem in vegetable farms, and vegetable farms are in need of labor all year round. The most needed work is harvest, from May to August. The average labor demand is about 18 man-day/ha, however, 14 man-days/ha is hired labor. That is to say 70% of the labor in vegetable farm is hired which causes pressure for farmers to find sufficient labor source. 49% farm owners agree that the insurance subsidy provided by the government can reduce their labor cost. 34% farm owners agree that farmers' associations play an important role as a labor dispatch centers. In addition, farmer's background, future labor demand and the willingness to hire foreign workers are significantly associated. The results show that farm owners under 50 demand more labor in the future and farm owners in Taoyuan City tends to need labor urgently. Opinion towards hiring foreign workers are polarized in Taoyuan City, with half agrees and the other half disagrees. In Hsinchu County, most farm owners are willing to hire foreign workers, while in New Taipei City, farmers are on the fence. The analysis of legal knowledge on hiring foreign workers and hiring willingness shows that farmers are not fully aware the advantages and disadvantages for hiring foreign workers. For future advice, our suggestions are as follow: (1) Build an agriculture labor database (2) Provide health and labor insurance for farm workers (3) Improve working environment of farms and introduce labor-saving machinery (4) Evaluation on the impact of introducing foreign agriculture workers. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。