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題名 | 淺談高海拔疾病=High Altitude Illness |
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作者姓名(中文) | 蔡憶萱; 楊璦瑜; | 書刊名 | 藥學雜誌 |
卷期 | 34:2=135 2018.06[民107.06] |
頁次 | 頁39-44 |
分類號 | 412.84 |
關鍵詞 | 高海拔疾病; 高山症; High altitude illness; Acetazolamide; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 位處高海拔地區因低壓缺氧而造成腦及肺部病症統稱為高海拔疾病。評估是否會 發生高海拔疾病具有一定難度,須考慮旅行的上升速度、過去是否有發生高海拔疾病 的病史、本身是否有可能引發高海拔疾病的病史 (例如冠心病、鎌狀細胞貧血)。症狀 通常在登高後數小時內發生,常見頭痛、食慾不振、噁心、嘔吐、睡眠障礙、疲勞和 眩暈。 預防高海拔疾病最有效的方法是採漸進性的上升高度,首選的預防藥物是 acetazolamide,若對於 acetazolamide 過敏或無法耐受者可使用 dexamethasone。治療最 佳的方法是選擇下降高度與給予氧氣。發生症狀時不應繼續登高,若給予治療後症狀 未改善,下降高度是必要的措施。由於高海拔腦水腫與高海拔肺水腫具有致命風險, 盡早確立診斷及給予治療十分重要。 |
英文摘要 | Cerebral and pulmonary syndromes due to low pressure hypoxia by being at high altitude regions are called high altitude illness. Evaluation of whether high altitude illness will occur poses a certain level of difficulty as the rate of ascent, previous medical history of high altitude illness, comorbidities history that may induce high-altitude illness (such as coronary heart disease, sickle-cell anemia) need to be considered. Onset of symptoms of high altitude illness usually begins within a few hours of ascent, typical symptoms are composed of headache, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, sleep disorders, fatigue, and dizziness. The most effective method for preventing high altitude illness is gradual ascent and the drug of choice for prevention is acetazolamide. Dexamethasone can be used as substitation when patients are allergic or intolerate to acetazolamide. The best treatment method is descent altitude and oxygen supplementation. Patients should not keep climbing after experiencing symptoms. If symptoms do not improve after treatment, decreasing altitude is a necessary strategy. As high altitude cerebral edema and high altitude pulmonary edema are life-threatening, early diagnosis and timely treatment are of great important. |
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