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題名 | 臺灣地區擄人勒贖犯罪模式之研究=A Study on the Modus Operandi of Kidnap Groups and Preventive Strategies in Taiwan |
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作者 | 楊士隆; 程敬閏; 王中吟; 郭人豪; Yang, Shu-lung; Cheng, Ching-jun; Wang, Chung-yin; Kuo, Jen-how; |
期刊 | 執法新知論衡 |
出版日期 | 20050900 |
卷期 | 1:1=1 民94.09 |
頁次 | 頁101-132 |
分類號 | 585.492 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 擄人勒贖; 理性選擇; 犯案模式; Kidnapping for ransom; Rational choice; Modus operandi; Preventive strategy; |
中文摘要 | 近年來台灣地區擄人勒贖犯罪經媒體渲染使民眾誤以為有逐漸增加的趨勢,致使民眾對生命財產安全感受到鉅大危害,實則從民國85年後維持穩定的發生數。為此,本研究藉由「理性選擇」觀點,探討台灣擄人勒贖犯案模式,並依據研究發現,提出建議以供參考。 本研究以文本分析、量化分析及個案研究三種研究策略,進行資料蒐集。研究內容為:擄人勒贖犯罪者基本背景資料;犯罪者結夥過程;擄人勒贖行動決意及歷程;犯罪者與被害人、被害家屬及警方之互動過程等。在文本分析方面,本研究針對過去八年間(民85~92年),台灣最高法院有關擄人勒贖案件判決確定之判決書共計31例,分別針對擄人勒贖犯罪人之背景資料、犯罪手法及歷程、破案關鍵、判決刑度等,進行資料分析與歸納。在量化研究部分,針對全國監獄中,因觸犯擄人勒贖罪,而入獄服刑之受刑人共176位,進行問卷調查。在個案研究方面,針對台灣北、中、南監獄,以立意抽樣的方式選取八個擄人勒贖集團,進行半結構式之深度訪談,以與前述兩部分之資料相互補充與對照。 研究發現我國的擄人勒贖犯罪以「集團模式」居多。集團的組成,通常是由一位經濟遭遇急迫性困境者發起,吸收成員多為兄弟、熟識友人或友人引薦,成員不一定遭遇類似經濟問題。囚禁人質之處所多為郊區或山區隱密廢棄之建築物,或以偽造之證件租賃房屋,甚至於車輛以方便行動。至於目標之設定,通常是由主謀決定,也有經由團體商議的,只有少部分是隨機選取的;決定目標後,便著手準備相關工具,以交通工具的準備為最多,其次是準備槍械與通訊工具。而尋求適當之下手時機,以守候跟蹤為最多的方式,並會因集團與被害人之關係而有所不同。當集團擄獲被害人之後,則以直接綑綁為主,也有藥物或暴力威脅等方式,逼迫人質就範,只有少部分是直接將其殺害或意外殺害。贖金方面,索取贖金時通常會提出比預定的金額還高出許多的數目,而最終的贖金金額經過與家屬的討價還價後一般會比原先的贖金要來得低,而且與成員原先的預期仍有差距。最後取款的方式,則以定點式為主,其次是押人取款,也有其它新興的方式,如透過提款機或人頭帳戶來取款。並且,擄人勒贖犯罪者相當重視取贖方式的複雜性與隱匿性、機動性盡其所能的擺脫警方的追蹤。文本分析並發現加害人與被害人間均有其強烈的「地緣關係」,且法院之裁判通常以「是否殺害人質」為指標,撕票大都是死刑,未撕票則為七年有期徒刑至無期徒刑,此部分在個案研究中顯示,實際獲判刑期皆比犯罪人所預想中要來得重。 最後,根據前述研究心得,本研究提出被害預防、遭遇被害之應變、行政回應及警政機關回應等方面提出相關建議。 |
英文摘要 | Kidnapping cause many injuries of people in Taiwan. Moreover, it challenges the police and law enforcement who take the responsibility of keeping the order of society. In response, the study attempts to explore the modus operandi of the kidnapping crime phenomenon in Taiwan through "rational choice perspective". It is expectived that efficient preventive strategies to prevent such crime can be derived. For achieving above goals, the study decides to analyze data by documentation methods, quantification research, and qualitative research. The major reseach content include: member background, partnership process, decision and action plan for kidnapping, interaction between offenders and victim, victim family and the police. The study finds that the major pattern of kidnapping in Taiwan is mostly in "group" forms. Usually the promoter of a kidnapping group is the one who suffering in difficult economic situation, and the relationship of member is almost brothers, live-in, and acquaintances. The groups of members usually did not have financial problems. The places hide hostages were mostly the abandoned building in rural area or in the mountains. In some cases, the hostages also were confined in the apartment rented with fake ID. The person who organized the action usually decide the victim targets. Some cases, the victims were chosen by the whole group. Rarely, the victims were randomly chosen. After the victim targets were determined, the criminals started to prepare the transportation, weapons and communication equipment sequently. They followed the victims and checked the detailed routines. Then, they found the right time and kidnapped the victims with drugs or forced the victims with violence. However, the force varied and depended on the relationship between the criminals and the victims. It is not likely to have the victims killed in the action. For most cases, the victim will be binded through violence and drugs. Only few victims were killed directly or accidentaly. The amount for the ransom was higher than they actually received. It went through extensive negotiation with the families of the victims; the amount of money and the place to exchange the ransom for the victim will be further decided. In some cases, the criminal will choose ATM instead of a place, or through fix spots, or intimidate victim by force. The criminals would use the most complicated and secret methods to get the ransom to avoid the possibility of being followed by the police. We also found that the victims and the criminals had strong territory interactions. The count clearly adopt the idea "if the hostages were killed in the action" as a verdict paramenter. If the victims were killed, the final verdict would be "sentence to death" If the hostages were alive, the sentencing could vary from 7 years up to lifetime in the prison. From our investigation, the sentencings were actually severe than the criminals thought they would be convicted. Finally, this study offers preventive suggestions in the area of victim prevention, victim encountering offender, and administrative/police response for the government and the public. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。