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題名 | 減震技術於離岸風力發電支撐結構之應用研究=Seismic Vibration Control of Off-Shore Wind Turbines |
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作者 | 盧煉元; 胡宣德; 林子堯; 林柏樺; | 書刊名 | 結構工程 |
卷期 | 31:1=121 2016.03[民105.03] |
頁次 | 頁99-130 |
分類號 | 441.571 |
關鍵詞 | 離岸風機; 支撐結構; 減震技術; 質量阻尼器; 消能元件; 風力發電; Off-shore wind turbines; Seismic mitigation; Mass damper; Anti-resonance; Energy dissipation; Wind energy; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 台灣海峽擁有全球最佳的風場之一,因此我國近年來積極發展離岸風力發電技術。而歐美地區的風力發電技術雖已十分成熟,但因台灣地處地震發生頻繁區域,對風機及其支撐結構的耐震性能要求遠較歐美為高。而我國雖有嚴格的結構耐震設計規範,但主要以確保人命安全為出發點,恐無法滿足風機結構於強震後仍能保有發電功能之耐震需求。為能同時確保震後風機之功能及安全,本文乃試圖探討使用質量阻尼器(mass damper,簡稱MD)作為風機制震系統之可行性。本文所謂MD技術乃是於風機機艙及支承塔柱結構間安置一容許產生相對位移與消能能力之柔性減震介層,並以機艙質量作為反力質塊,如此即可藉由機艙及塔柱結構間之互制運動,使總體系統產生顯著的反共振(anti-resonant)現象,以有效降低整體系統之地震反應。MD技術與常用之TMD(tuned mass damper)技術不同之處在於前者無需外加反力質塊,且質塊之自振頻率並不一定與原始結構之振頻調諧。本文採用16筆震波模擬5MW單樁式離岸風機標竿結構之地震反應。模擬結果顯示,經由參數研究可適當選取MD之系統參數(即頻率比與阻尼比),即可同時大幅降低風機機艙之地震加速度與支撐結構之基底總剪力與彎矩。亦即,使用MD系統不僅可提升風機支撐結構之安全,更可於強震後確保機艙內設備之發電功能,為十分有效之風機抗震方法。 |
英文摘要 | Since Taiwan has one of the best wind-farms in the world, it is beneficial to develop renewable energy by using off-shore wind turbines. Nevertheless, since Taiwan is prone to earthquakes, the problem of seismic protection for the offshore wind turbines becomes an important issue. On the other hand, although current Taiwanese seismic design code is very stringent, it aims to ensure live safety in a major earthquake rather than the functionality of equipment in the structural system. In order to simultaneously ensure the safety and functionality of a wind turbine during a major earthquake, in this study, the possibility of using a mass damper (MD) system for mitigating the seismic response of offshore wind turbines is investigated. A MD system is established by introduced a soft and energy-dissipative layer between the nacelle and the supporting tower structure of a wind turbine. As a result, the interacting motion between the nacelle and underneath tower structure creates a significant anti-resonant phenomenon that is able to avert the seismic energy transmitted into the system. Different from a traditional tuned mass damper (TMD), the MD uses the mass of the nacelle itself as the reactive mass and its frequency may not be tuned to that of the structure. In this study, the seismic performance of a 5MW mono-pile off-shore wind turbine with the MD subjected to 16 seismic excitations is simulated. The simulation results have demonstrated that by properly selecting the MD parameters, i.e., the frequency and damping ratios, the acceleration of the nacelle and the base shear and moment of the supporting structure can be significantly reduced, as compared with a TMD-controlled or uncontrolled wind turbine. This implies that the MD technology is able to maintain the safety and functionality of a wind turbine in a major earthquake, simultaneously. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。