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題 名 | 德、芬、臺預防接種受害救濟制度比較與省思=A Comparison of Vaccine Injury Compensation Scheme in Germany, Finland and Taiwan |
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作 者 | 陳毓翎; 黃頌恩; 鄭安華; 簡大任; | 書刊名 | 疫情報導 |
卷 期 | 31:18 2015.09.22[民104.09.22] |
頁 次 | 頁450-458 |
分類號 | 412.4 |
關鍵詞 | 預防接種; 疫苗; 受害救濟; 疫苗不良反應; 藥害救濟保險; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 預防接種具有增進族群免疫之莫大公共衛生利益。面臨疫苗副作用傷害事件此一不可避免的代價,基於公益考量,許多先進國家爰配合社會福利體系,建立預防接種受害救濟制度。德國引據「特別犧牲補償請求權」理念,為全球首創預防接種受害救濟制度之福利國家;芬蘭亦為典型福利國家,惟其受害救濟機制,係由藥商公會設立藥害救濟保險,以商業保險之型態分擔藥品(包含疫苗產品)使用者因副作用發生傷害事件之風險;我國則是藉由向疫苗供應商課徵預防接種受害救濟基金,於衛生福利部下設專業且公正之受害救濟審議小組進行審議,同時以衛生行政資源協助民眾舉證受害事實。本文分析比較德國、芬蘭與我國預防接種受害救濟制度設計,並針對其中有關審議與救濟對象之取捨、因果關係證明準則,以及細分給付項目等關鍵議題,提出對於我國現狀之反思,最後建議未來對於相關政策之發展,可引進社會福利體系之資源,審慎衡平各方利益與回應民眾期待,凝聚社會共識後做出選擇,以發揮該制度的公益價值。 |
英文摘要 | Because of herd immunityeffect, the benefits of mass immunization for public health are clear. For thepublic interest, many countries have developed vaccine injury compensationschemes under the social welfare system when facing with the unavoidable costof mass inoculation. Germany is a welfare state that established the firstnational program for vaccination injury compensation that based on a theory of“the special sacrifice damage compensation”. Finland, as also a welfare state,however implemented its vaccine injury compensation program under thepharmaceutical injury insurance for the purpose of sharing risk in compensatingthe severe injured consuming pharmaceuticals. In Taiwan, the compensationscheme is enacted and run by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, in which taxesare paid by the vaccine supplier for the compensation funding, claims arereviewed by a committee with professional and fair, and administrative resourceof public health are put into helping the injured for causation investigation.This article made a comparison of vaccine injury compensation schemes of theabove countries, and focused the discussion on the current status in Taiwan offollowing issues, including of the eligibility of claims, the standard of prooffor causal relationship, the targets and items of the compensation payments.Finally, the suggestions are made that the resources of social welfare systemshould be involved, and the consensus on issues mentioned above should bestrived. In prospect, the design of compensation scheme, as a policy ofwelfare, should be a matter of value orientation that could respond effectivelyto social conditions and public sentiments. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。