頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 野生稻DNA分子標幟之開發與應用=The Development and Application of Molecular Markers of Wild Rice |
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作者 | 林彥蓉; 簡祥庭; 金漢煊; 林鋐穎; 顏信沐; 卓緯玄; 吳東鴻; 賴明信; 李長沛; | 書刊名 | 臺灣農業研究 |
卷期 | 64:4 2015.12[民104.12] |
頁次 | 頁253-278 |
分類號 | 434.1104 |
關鍵詞 | 分子標幟; 轉移率; 水稻; 野生稻; Molecular marker; Transferability; Rice; Wild rice; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 野生稻具有高度遺傳歧異度,對於極端環境有著較高之耐受性,若將野生稻的基因體以分子輔助育種的策略應用於現代栽培種的水稻育種,可因應詭譎多變的氣候變遷與世界糧食需求激增等挑戰。本研究最終目的為將野生稻Oryza officinalis (IRGC. 100986;CC 基因體) 和Oryza australiensis (IRGC. 100882;EE 基因體)之重要基因導入於亞洲栽培稻Oryza sativa (AA 基因體) 之秈稻「台中秈10 號」(‘TCS10’) 和稉稻「台農67 號」(‘TNG67’),現階段之目標為開發多型性分子標幟。篩選249 個亞洲栽培稻 (O. sativa) 簡單重複序列 (simple sequence repeat; SSR) 分子標幟,結果在O. officinalis 可擴增的分子標幟總計100 個,轉移率為40%,而在O. australiensis 可擴增的分子標幟總計67 個,轉移率為27%。在這些可擴增之SSR 分子標幟中,O. officinalis vs. ‘TCS10’ 和O. officinalis vs. ‘TNG67’ 間有72 個 (72%) 和71 個 (71%) 多型性分子標幟;在O. australiensis vs. ‘TCS10’ 和O. australiensis vs. ‘TNG67’ 間則有51 (76%) 和53 (79%) 個。此外,以生物資訊方法進行栽培種與野生種的基因體序列比較,依據插入/缺失 (indel) DNA 片段,一共設計了123 個分子標幟,分析結果發現在O. officinalis 和O. australiensis 可擴增的分子標幟分別為109 (89%) 和103 (84%) 個,大幅提升可擴增之分子標幟。並發現在O. officinalis vs. ‘TCS10’ 和O. officinalis vs. ‘TNG67’ 間有79 (72%) 與82 (75%) 個多型性分子標幟;而在O. australiensis vs. ‘TCS10’ 和O. australiensis vs. ‘TNG67’ 間則有64 (62%) 和65 (63%) 個多型性分子標幟。進一步以得到的多型性分子標幟分析O. officinalis × ‘TNG67’ 衍生之BC1F1 和BC2F1 世代,結果發現異型合子比例由86.7% (BC1F1) 下降為18.1% (BC2F1),而 ‘TNG67’ 同型合子比例則大幅提升,顯示野生稻之染色體片段迅速地自子代染色體中剔除,因此不易建立完整的染色體片段置換系。 |
英文摘要 | Wild rice has high genetic diversity and high tolerance to extreme environments. If genomes of wild rice can be applied into modern rice breeding programs by marker-assisted selection, newly bred cultivars can endure mercurial climate and meet sharply increased demands of food in the world. The goal for this research is to introgress genes/chromosome segments of Oryza officinalis with CC genome and Oryza australiensis with EE genome into Oryza sativa ssp. indica cv. ‘TCS10’ and ssp. japonica cv. ‘TNG67’ with AA genome, respectively. Currently, polymorphic markers were surveyed and developed. A total of 249 SSR (simple sequences repeat) had been applied but only 100 (40%) and 67 (27%) of markers could be amplified successfully in O. officinalis and O. australiensis, respectively. Among polymorphic SSR markers, 72 (72%) and 71 (71%) of markers were polymorphic between O. officinalis vs. ‘TCS10’ and ‘TNG67’, respectively; 57 (76%) and 53 (79%) of markers were polymorphic between O. australiensis vs. ‘TCS10’ and O. australiensis vs. ‘TNG67’, respectively. To effectively obtain polymorphic markers, the BES (BAC end sequence) of wild and the genome sequence of ssp. japonica cv. ‘Nipponbare’ were aligned to search for indel markers flanking with conserved sequences. A total of 123 markers had been developed, and 109 (89%) and 103 (84%) markers could be amplified successfully in O. officinalis and O. australiensis, respectively. Among which, 79 (72%) and 82 (75%) of markers were polymorphic between O. officinalis vs. ‘TCS10’ and ‘TNG67’, respectively; 64 (62%) and 65 (63%) of markers were polymorphic between O. australiensis vs. ‘TCS10’ and O. australiensis vs. ‘TNG67’, respectively. From genotypes of BC1F1 and BC2F1 populations derived from O. officinalis × ‘TNG67’, the ratio of heterozygotes was 86.7% (BC1F1) and abruptly decreased to 18.1% (BC2F1). It indicated that the chromosome segments of wild rice were excluded rapidly in backcrossed progenies, implying that it is very difficult to develop a complete chromosome segment substitute line (CSSL) population, which carried the chromosome segment from different genome of wild species into O. sativa background. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。