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頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 林間放牧對牛隻生長與林下植被植物種類之影響=Effect of Forest Grazing on Cattle Growth and Plantation Species |
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作 者 | 陳坤照; 林正鏞; 張溪泉; 李姿蓉; 林俊成; 廖天賜; 張彬; 陳永修; 吳俊賢; 謝昭賢; 李春芳; 吳鈴彩; 朱賢斌; 張俊達; | 書刊名 | 畜產研究 |
卷 期 | 47:1 2014.03[民103.03] |
頁 次 | 頁7-15 |
分類號 | 437.34 |
關鍵詞 | 肉牛; 林間放牧; 造林地; Beef cattle; Forest grazing; Plantations; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本試驗結合造林及牛隻放牧管理,建立肉牛生產及省工育林模式,以達到綠化臺灣與利用野草生產優質畜產品之目的。試驗利用 8公頃造林地,以 9~ 16頭黃雜牛實施 5次電圍籬輪流放牧,放牧方式以放牧日數決定放牧強度,分輕放牧組、重放牧組及禁牧 (對照 )組。試驗四年期間進行 8種原生造林林木調查與 10個物種之植生調查,分別於春季與夏季採集 20種牛隻喜好植物進行瘤胃體外消化率測定 (IVDMD),同時記錄牛隻生長情形,最後進行經濟效應分析。林木調查結果顯示,第四年之臺東原生造林木以臺東龍眼 (Pometia pinnata)之存活率最低 (20%),而以臺灣櫸 (Zelkova serrata)之存活率最高 (99.4%);四年生樹高以光蠟樹 (Fraxinus formosana Hayata)樹高最高 (409.3 cm),臺東龍眼最矮 (75.9 cm)。施行牛隻放牧後,重放牧處理顯著影響臺灣櫸 (Zelkova serrata)之生長高度及樹徑 (P < 0.05),但光蠟樹及楓香 (Liquidambar formosana)的樹高則顯著高於另兩組 (P < 0.05);同時重放牧組的烏心石 (Michelia compressa)樹徑,顯著大於輕放牧組 (P < 0.05)。重度放牧對盤固草 (Digitaria decumbens Stent.)之重要值顯著高於對照組與輕放牧組 (P < 0.05)。而天竺草 (Panicum maximum Jacq.)之重要值於三處理組間具顯著差異,以重放牧組最低,輕放放牧組最高 (P < 0.05)。輕放牧組與重放牧組對蔓澤蘭 (Mikania micrantha)之重要值顯著低於對照組 (P < 0.05)。春夏季 20種牛隻喜好植物之草項資源相當豐富,其組成中粗蛋白質介於 5.9~ 17.9%;中洗纖維介於 33.7~ 74.1%;酸洗纖維介於 20.1~ 49.1%;木質素介於 5.2~ 23.5%,IVDMD (in vitro dry matter digestibility)介於 21.5~ 77.7%。顯示林間草相資源豐富。放牧牛隻生長方面,重放牧組之每公頃總增重 (125.8 kg/ha)與 Cow day (43.6/ha)顯著高於輕放牧組 (P < 0.05)。推估六年的經濟效益包括小牛收益、碳吸收效益、水源涵養、除草效益等總共約為新臺幣 18,650,034元,本次試驗結果顯示,藉由牛隻放牧可節省造林地撫育費用,提高林地生物多樣性及生產健康牛肉。 |
英文摘要 | The purpose of these serial studies were to afforest our land and produce good quality beef simultaneously by forest grazing. In an 8-hectare affforestation area, nine to 16 head of Yellow hybrid beef heifers were grazed rotationally in five rounds by electric fencing. Grazing intensity treatments were decided by the grazing days and set to no grazing, light grazing or heavy grazing. During the 4-yr experimental period, the growth of eight original forestation trees, the body weigh gain of heifers, and the predominance of 10 main grasses were recorded. Samples of 20 plants in the forestation area were collected at both spring and summer seasons for analyzing their compositions and digestibility. Finally, a 6-yr ecological analysis was applied to evaluate the economic benefit of forest grazing system. After 4-yr growth without grazing, tree Zelkova serrata had the highest survival rate (99.4%). Fraxinus formosana Hayata grew the highest (409.3 cm). Pometia pinnata has the lowest survival rate (20%) and also the shortest (75.9 cm). Heavy grazing significantly suppressed the height and stem diameter of Zelkova serrata, but the heights of Fraxinus formosana Hayata and Liquidambar formosana were higher in heavy grazing treatment. Heavy grazing also significantly stimulated the predominance of Digitaria decumbens Stent. and both grazing treatments decreased the predominance of Mikania micrantha. Nutrition values of plants in the forestation area were diverse and rich. Crude protein was ranged from 5.9 to 17.9%, neutral detergent fiber from 33.7 to 74.1%, acid detergent fiber from 20.1 to 49.1% and in vitro dry matter digestibility from 21.5 to 77.7%. With heavy grazing, the total body weight gain of heifers per hectare was higher than that in light grazing system. However, the daily body weight gain per heifer was as low as 0.66 kg by heavy graying whereas 0.78 kg by light graying. Benefit from forest grazing included the calf production, carbon sequestration, water resource nourishment and weed control, etc. The estimation of a 6-yr crude profit was around 18,650,034 NT$. It is concluded that forest grazing can save the investment in the afforestation and is a low-cost and healthy beef production system. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。