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題名 | 「便商」抑或「害商」--從仲介貿易糾紛看乾隆至道光時期重慶的「官牙制」=The Government-aided Brokerage House System of Chongqing in the Mid-Qing Dynasty: Disputes between Brokers and Merchants |
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作者姓名(中文) | 周琳; | 書刊名 | 新史學 |
卷期 | 24:1 2013.03[民102.03] |
頁次 | 頁59-106 |
分類號 | 551.0207 |
關鍵詞 | 重慶; 官牙制; 巴縣檔案; 牙業糾紛; Government-aided brokerage houses; Chongqing; Baxian Archive; Disputes between brokers and merchants; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 對於清代牙人、牙行的研究是一個尚待深入開掘的領域。本文主要根據乾隆至道光時期《巴縣檔案》中最常見的三類牙業糾紛,考察了清代中期重慶的「官牙制」。旨在回答一個核心問題:「官牙制」的意義究竟是「便商」還是「害商」?得出的結論是:至少在清代中期的重慶,「官牙制」的主旨並非「便商」,而是充當地方官府徵調民間財貨的管道。無論在其制度設計的層面,還是在現實運作的層面,都縱容和鼓勵了有礙良性市場秩序的行為模式。雖然為了適應市場的變化和應對日益激烈的競爭,官立牙行必須或多或少地做出「便商」的舉動,使其「便商」的傾向與「害商」的傾向出現暫時的平衡。但這種「平衡」格局的維繫主要取決於官府的訴求,而並非商人群體的利益和市場發展的需要。 |
英文摘要 | Research on brokers and brokerage houses of the Qing Dynasty is a promising field worthy of further exploration. One of the most important questions in this field is, which was the real function of government-aided brokers: promoting trade or suppressing it? This article proposes an answer to this question based on the Baxian Archive, investigating three types of disputes between government-aided brokers and merchants. I conclude that in Chongqing during the mid-Qing period, the main role of the government-aided broker system was not promoting trade but rather requisitioning wealth and commodities for local government. The institution tolerated and even encouraged a harmful behavior pattern that jeopardized healthy market order. There is no denying that, facing market changes and increasingly fierce commercial competition, the government-aided brokers had to provide genuine transaction services to some extent, which led to a temporary balance between their negative functions and positive functions. But this kind of balance was extremely fragile. It did not rely on the needs of markets and merchants, but rather depended on on the attitude of government officials. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。