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題名 | 這是種出神的技術 : 史坦尼斯拉夫斯基和葛羅托斯基的演員訓練之被遺忘的核心=This is a Technique of the "Trance": The Forgotten Core in the Acting Methods of Constantin Stanislavski and Jerzy Grotowski |
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作者 | 鍾明德; Chung, Ming-der; |
期刊 | 戲劇學刊 |
出版日期 | 20120700 |
卷期 | 16 2012.07[民101.07] |
頁次 | 頁119-152 |
分類號 | 980.1 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 史坦尼斯拉夫斯基; 葛羅托斯基; 現代劇場; 瑜珈; 正念; Stanislavski; Grotowski; Modern thratre; Yoga; Mindfulness; |
中文摘要 | 葛羅托斯基能夠在二十世紀的劇場表演上做出重大的突破,主要即因為他將以瑜珈為主的身心靈修煉方法運用到演員訓練和劇場演出上頭。他說:「這是種出神的技術。」他強調「演員能夠表演的真正關鍵點為進入出神或禪定的能力」,同時指出身體鬆沉、注意力專注和某種的內觀態度,構成了演員進入出神狀態的三個主要元素。 從當代表演研究的角度看來,史坦尼斯拉夫斯基的「體系」即在讓演員進入某種的出神狀態—史氏稱之為「創意狀態」。史氏認為偉大的表演者的共同特徵為「身體的放鬆」、「注意力的集中」和享有某種的「內在的真實感」—此三大特徵跟葛氏的說法如出一轍,同時也構成了「史坦尼斯拉夫斯基體系」的重要基礎,在《演員自我修養》中分別出現為第六、五、八章,而且在其他著作和篇章中,史氏也反覆強調再三。 綜上所述,某種「出神的技術」乃史、葛二氏演員訓練的核心,卻因種種的政治、經濟因素在歷史發展中被遺忘了。目前,透過「正念」(sammasati, mindfulness) 這個可以綜觀一切修行方法、境界的制高點,我們可以重新演繹史、葛二氏的劇場遺產,幫助藝術創作者和研究者釐清許多跟表演狀態有關的概念和做法。 |
英文摘要 | With Ryszard Cieslak’s ecstatic performance of the title role of The Constant Prince in 1965, Polish director Jerzy Grotowski made a breakthrough in 20th century theatre history and“poor theatre”immediately became a well known brand name. “This is a technique of the‘trance,’”announced Grotowski in 1965, “The true pivotal point of an actor’s ability to act is his readiness for trance, or rather concentration.”Although he insisted that an actor could learn this technique and reach a state of trance by cultivating an introspective attitude, maintaining physical relaxation and building mental concentration, Grotowski eliminated much of his talks on trance acting when they were published in Towards a Poor Theatre in 1968. According to recent research conducted by Ronaldo Morelos, the“System”of Constantin Stanislavski is in the main a system of psycho-physical exercises to help an actor attain the trance or “creative state”(using Stanislavski’s own jargon). Furthermore, the secrets of great performers which Stanislavski discovered in 1906-07, namely, “relaxation,”“concentration,” and “inner feeling of truth,” which laid the foundation of the“System,”are highly similar to Grotowski’s three constituent elements of trance technique. A certain technique of “trance,”no matter how troublesome this term might prove, was therefore in the core of the acting methods of Stanislavski and Grotowski, but unfortunately due to political or economic reasons have been long forgotten. This paper argues for the re-recognition of this extremely creative core technique through the knowledge and practice of certain yogic meditation which both masters appreciated in their own times. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。