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題名 | 漁業補貼之研究=The Research on Fisheries Subsidies |
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作 者 | 丘慶駿; 周怡; 唐克光; | 書刊名 | 德明學報 |
卷期 | 34:2 2010.12[民99.12] |
頁次 | 頁11-36 |
分類號 | 439.11 |
關鍵詞 | 漁業補貼; 補貼暨平衡措施協定; 公有悲劇; 過漁; 入漁協定; Fisheries subsidies; Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Agreement; SCM Agreement; Tragedy of commons; Overfishing; Fisheries access arrangement; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 為維持特定產業競爭力與保護國內市場,國家經常採取關稅或非關稅貿易措施手段以達其目的。涉及關稅之貿易障礙,GATT/WTO相關協定已確立規範,減少非關稅貿易障礙為現今國際社會努力的重點。補貼是一種政府行為,是否對產業補貼,除基於政府本身的考量外,來自利益集團的壓力,亦不容忽視。補貼不僅扭曲市場機制,特別是涉及取得農林漁牧的補貼,更將導致人類資源的錯誤配置。由於各國國情與經濟實力差異,加上現行補貼暨平衡措施協定的規範內容不甚明確,導致在判定、減少或消除隱藏性漁業補貼議題上產生些許障礙。因此,釐清貿易與資源之關係,如何建立適當的政策機制,是國際主要的趨勢,避免漁業資源產生公有悲劇,其主要方式是建立互信與資料庫的資訊分享,然相關資訊無法確實蒐集與準確呈現時,又如何有效地確定補貼與補貼除去之影響,與其著重於相關資訊的蒐集,不如釜底抽薪的全面禁止漁業補貼,似乎成為目前主流趨勢,但此種的鋪天蓋地的作法是否成為定局,則有待進一步觀察。 |
英文摘要 | Some countries usually take tariff or non-tariff measures to maintain their competitiveness for certain specific industries and to protect their domestic market. GATT/WTO have successfully established regulations and laws to remove tariff trade barriers. Meanwhile, countries in the world currently strive to remove non-tariff trade barriers. Subsidyare done by the governments. Countries provide subsidies to certain specific industries not only for the b measures enefits of governments but also for the pressures from domestic industries. Subsidy measures will not only distort mechanism of a fair market but also effect wrong allocation of human resources. Owing to the discrepancies between national conditions and economic strength among countries, and the absence of clear and definite regulation of Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Agreement (SCM Agreement), countries have some problems in defining, reducing and removing fisheries subsidies. Therefore, how to regulate the relationship between trade and resources and how to establish a proper policy-making mechanism become major problems among countries. The fisheries resources are expected to be shared mainly by means of establishing mutual reliance relationship and building data bases to share information among countries. This may avoid the tragedy of commons. However, countries face some problems including difficulties to collect and provide information among countries, to define subsidies and to eliminate these trade barriers. The elimination of fisheries subsidies, instead of establishing common-shared data base, seems to become an efficient measure approved by most countries. Nevertheless, it is worth observing whether these overwhelming policies are finally decided. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。