頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 泰國民主轉型時期的軍文關係(1991~2006)=Civil-Military Relations in the Democratic Transition Period in Thailand (1991~2006) |
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作者 | 李淑貞; Li, Shu-chen; |
期刊 | 人文社會科學研究 |
出版日期 | 20120600 |
卷期 | 6:2 2012.06[民101.06] |
頁次 | 頁41-79 |
分類號 | 574.382 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 軍文關係; 民主轉型; 泰國政治; 文人統制; Civil-military relations; Democratic transition; Thai politics; Civilian control; |
中文摘要 | 在1991年以前的數十年,傳統的泰國政治是所謂「惡性循環」的過程,軍事政變支配了泰國的政治。而泰國自1991年政變之後,到軍隊發動推翻塔信政權的2006年「919政變」之前,將近15年(1991~2006)的時間,可說是泰國政治制度由軍方支配到文人統制(civilian control)的重要民主轉型時期。在亞洲金融危機以後,塔信(Thaksin Shinawatra)崛起成為泰國民選政治中的強人和興旺經濟的執行長(Chief Executive Officer, CEO)。他的「新政治」以國會多數席次取代了軍隊的政治操縱,鞏固了泰國政治的合法性。塔信領導泰愛泰黨(Thai Rak Thai Party, TRT)在2005年大選中獲得壓倒性勝利,開始他的第二屆任期。然而,軍方突然地發動政變,廢止1997年憲法、解散國會、終止即將到來的選舉。政變者的這些作為,無庸置疑是破壞泰國民主的非法的、非民主的行動,但是他們沒有遭遇到任何反抗,政黨或官僚機構的領袖們,甚至是知識份子,都未曾對政變有所批評或指責,這是為什麼?本文試圖以軍事社會學的觀點探究1991年和2006年兩次政變期間的軍文關係的內涵,置重點在武裝部隊與社會間關係的動態,以說明泰國軍隊在民主化過程中的政治角色和政治潛能。 |
英文摘要 | Military coups dominated Thai political process for decades before 1991 when the traditional politics of Thailand was entitled as the 'vicious circle'. Beyond the 1991 coup, Thai politics launched a critical democratic transition in which Thaksin Shinawatra rose as the strongman in Thai electoral politics and the CEO in Thai booming economy after the Asian financial crisis. Thaksin introduced his 'new politics' in which Thai political legitimacy firmly based on majority seats in congress instead of the political maneuver by the military. Before the astonishing coup launched by Thai army on 19 September 2006 that overthrew Thaksin regime, the one and half decade after the 1991 coup (1991~2006) was widely known as the crucial democratic transition period that successfully transformed Thai political polity from military dominance to civilian succession. Thaksin regime, based on the ruling Thai Rak Thai Party, just won a landslide victory in 2005 general election and began its second term. However, the military suddenly seized the power, abolished the 1997 constitution, dismissed the congress and terminated the coming elections. These generals did not face any resistance to their illegal, non-democratic measures that apparently jeopardized Thai democracy. The leaders of political parties, the bureaucracy, even the intellectuals are reluctant to defy the coup in words. Why? This paper aims to explore the context of civil-military relations between these two coups (1991&2006) from the perspective of military sociology that emphasizes the dynamics between armed forces and society to explain the political role and political potential of Thai military in democratization. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。