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題名 | 從比較商標理論及實務探討公示著名商標案件之必要性與方法=On the Necessity and Modality of Well-Known Marks Listings |
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作者 | 劉孔中; 王敏銓; | 書刊名 | 政大法學評論 |
卷期 | 117 2010.10[民99.10] |
頁次 | 頁269-303 |
分類號 | 490.25 |
關鍵詞 | 著名商標; 知名商標; 馳名商標; 防護商標; 著名商標名錄; 巴黎公約; 減損; 線上資料庫; 公示; Well-known marks; Famous marks; Well-known mark; Registry; Ex-ante approval listing; Ex-post inductive listing; Paris convention; Dilution; Misuse; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 日本、俄羅斯、烏克蘭、中國大陸、芬蘭、捷克等國家接受申請、認定並公告或單純公示著名商標,亦有學說倡議附和。其實踐與學說主張可以分為二大類型:事前申請認定著名商標與事後彙整公示著名商標。然而事前申請認定需要耗費大量時間及成本,若沒有充分反映審查成本的申請規費及充裕的審查人力配套,只是徒增煩擾。就算有此配套,被認定的著名商標短期內勢必無法達到與市場實情相對應的數量,難以提升法律安定性;長期雖然可能達到與市場實情相對應的著名商標數量,但是需要不斷審查。此外,有法律效力的著名商標名錄容易與市場脫節,延長已不再著名商標的壽命,抑制新商標產生。相形之下,事後彙整公示著名商標案件相對簡易,若設計得當,能夠降低不確定性與風險、提升商標法適用透明性與一致性。故本文建議智慧局建立「著名商標及相關表徵案件彙編」線上資料庫,謀求公共利益與著名商標權人私益的平衡。該資料庫以資訊充分、集中、使用者主導以及具時效性為設計原則,收錄直接及間接認定著名商標之案件,並以個別商標為收錄單位。 |
英文摘要 | The continual strengthening of the protection for well-known marks has been one of the features of international trademark development in the post-TRIPS era. Now in many countries, well-known marks can be granted full trademark right and protection merely from the fact that they are well-known; well-known marks can also be protected against dilution or even the likelihood thereof, and against comparative advertising that is discrediting or denigrating. However, for market latecomers seeking a new trademark, there is no clear way to determine if a particular mark is well known. Without this certainty the applicant cannot calculate the risk of his or her trademark application being rejected and the risk of infringing upon or diluting a well-known mark. Therefore, various jurisdictions establish different ways of listing well-known marks. The variant listing methods have had divergent effects. This paper examines the various practices of listing well-known marks and points out how listings can be misused. It will then evaluate the pros and cons of different models of listing well-known marks. With the aim of maximizing the use and minimizing the misuse of listings, this paper concludes by advocating the creation of a centralized on-line database of cases pertaining to well-known marks recognized in the past five years. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。