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題名 | 論中國德福理論雛形之形成及其內涵=The Forming and Meaning of Chinese Virtue-happiness Theory |
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作 者 | 林佩儒; | 書刊名 | 馬偕學報 |
卷期 | 8 2010.07[民99.07] |
頁次 | 頁51-78 |
分類號 | 199 |
關鍵詞 | 先秦思想; 德福觀; 德福一致; 西周; 福報; 天道; The thought of Pre-Chin dynasty; The conception of virtue-happiness; Accordance between virtue and happiness; Western-Zhou period; Deserved fate; Conflict; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 德福一致是人間社會重要的道德信仰,這個道德信仰關心的主要課題是個人品德與福報之間的對應關係,它預設著成德者應獲致相應良好的生命品質或生活水準,失德者應得到處罰性質的困厄危難。德福關係做為一個獨立的道德課題,在西方社會已有十分悠久的討論歷史,然而在中國,主導德福領域的思想卻是外來的佛教因果報應觀。事實上,做為一種社會追求的道德理想與信仰,德與福早在先秦之前便已產生密切的關聯,在百家爭鳴之前,德與福已初步建立起某種對應關係,這種關係也許帶有濃厚的宗教色彩,但它是中國德福信仰的初始樣態,也勢必在相當程度上影響著後世德福理論的發展,所以對德福最初對應關係之形成及其內涵的梳理及探討就顯得特別重要。經本文的梳理可知:周初反覆出現君王敬德明德以祈天降永命的論調,是中國傳統德與福的初步連結。在西周時期,君王的政治品德攸關國家壽命的長短,彰顯好的政治品格以獲取上帝的福佑,永保國家命脈的源遠流長,這就是德行與福分最初的對應雛型,是透過政治領域表現出來的型態。進一步來說,此時禍福人間的權柄掌握在上天,上天是衡量人們品德的裁判者,而面對種種德福衝突的現象,這種德福的對應關係遂也衍生出一種轉化機制一把德視為配福的前提,也是享福的基礎,讓德不僅是得福的依據,也是長保福澤的關鍵;無德者有福,是禍不是福,這是在以天為賞罰權威的階段中,做為人們德福信仰的一種終極性的保障。這就是中國德福關係的最初型態,是政治及天意屬性為導向的德福一致觀。 |
英文摘要 | Accordance between virtue and happiness is an important folk belief in ethics of Chinese people. Though, in China, the main stream of the virtue-happiness concept comes from the alien Buddhism, there is an idea closely connecting virtue and happiness already existing before Chin Dynasty. During the Western-Zhou period, people think that the destiny of a monarchy depends on its political quality. That is the better political virtue is shown by a monarchy the more blessing is given by the Heaven. This is the original concept of the relationship between virtue and happiness in ancient China. However, some examples do show the phenomena that virtue is not in accordance with happiness. Such a conflict results in an evolution of the transit mechanism-virtue precedes happiness, and functions the foundation of happiness. Virtue is not only the basses of happiness but also a key factor to keep happiness. This original form of the relationship between virtue and happiness has a treat of an orientation towards both policy and the will of Heaven. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。