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題 名 | 吳歌「巴揚寺」石浮雕頭像微笑的意涵探討=The Smile Meaning of Angkor's Bayon Temple by the Stone Relief Head |
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作 者 | 何修仁; | 書刊名 | 聯大學報 |
卷 期 | 2 民94.12 |
頁 次 | 頁234-244 |
分類號 | 794.63 |
關鍵詞 | 吳哥文明; 巴揚寺; 闍耶跋摩七世; 微笑; Angkor's civilization; Bayon temple; Jayavarman Ⅶ; Smile; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 一般認為法國探險家亨利.穆奧為古吳哥文明的再發現者,他於十九世紀中葉深入今日柬埔寨的發現報告,引起世人對此古文明國度的重視與研究。經由為數眾多的考古遺跡但為數不多的研究資料,我們基本得知距今約八、九百年前,此地曾擁有最燦爛的文明形式,相較當時世界各地均不遑多讓。 其中,距今約八百年左右的闍耶跋摩七世(Jayavarman Ⅶ)可謂其中關鍵人物,他在今日吳哥所建的一座名為巴揚寺(Bayon)的宗教性建築,也成為吳哥文明與藝術中的登峰之作。此座建築採取「以廟為陵」的建築概念,寺呈兩層台基四方形格局,最具特色者為台基上五十座以浮雕形式構成的寶塔,每座寶塔均雕刻四面人形分朝東西南北。一般認為,這些寶塔人像應為闍耶跋摩七世與佛教中觀世音菩薩的融合體,但經由本文研究更進一步指出,除闍耶跋摩七世與觀世音菩薩之形象外,並應蘊含佛陀之形象意義。 原因在於,闍耶跋摩七世本為虔誠之佛教徒,而在政治上則負有王國中興之功,然因戰事之頻仍相對導致國家生靈塗炭,因此闍耶跋摩七世選擇以慈悲信仰為中心之佛教,並以最具足呈現之觀音形象作為塔飾浮雕。此外,這些形象仍注以闍耶跋摩七世臉龐,同時具有示範君威的作用。 最後,浮雕形象以微笑面容示現,除具有觀音形象慈悲之本意,也說明了闍耶跋摩七世的愛民情懷。因此,巴揚寺顯然為政治、宗教合一之整合建築,反映了闍耶跋摩七世的理念企圖,而其藝術表現也證明了這是吳哥最具代表性的文明成就。 |
英文摘要 | It is generally acknowledged that French explorer Henri Mouhot is the discovery person of ancient Angkor's civilization. His discovery report of Kampuchea in the middle period of 19th century, caused people's attention to the ancient civilization. Through the few study of archaeological traces, we learn that about 800-900 years ago , this place once have the most magnificent civilization ,Angkor's civilization will not be more inferior than other civilization. Among them, from today about 800 years ago ,the Jayavarman Ⅶ well say the key personages. His Bayon temple is a artistic masterpiece of Angkor's civilization. This building adopt the concept of “temple as the grave”. Temple is the two - base square pattern, the most characteristic one is the 50 pagodas of relief form, each pagoda carve on four sides humanoid towards at all directions. It is generally acknowledged , these pagoda of images should be integration of Jayavarman Ⅶ and Avalokitesvara. Our research is pointed out, besides the image of Jayavarman Ⅶ and Avalokitesvara, there also have Buddha's images. The reason is, Jayavarman Ⅶ is a piety Buddhist, and he rejuvenated his country on politics. Because there are too many wars, the country is dead and wounded much. So he has chosen Buddhism, this is full of mercy religions, and use Avalokitesvara image as the relief of the pagoda. However, these images still have his faces. This is for the impressive and dignified manner which displays the king. Finally, the image of the relief is by smilingly and representing, besides Avalokitesvara mercy meaning, also proved that Jayavarman Ⅶ loves his common people. So, the Bayon temple is the combinations of politics and religion. It has reflected Jayavarman Ⅶ's idea and attempt. The artistic expression has proved Bayon temple is the most representative achievement of Angkor's civilization. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。