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題名 | Samuel Gompers務實主義對美國工運之影響=The Impact of Samuel Gompers's Pragmatism on the United States Trade Union Movement |
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作者姓名(中文) | 許繼峰; | 書刊名 | 止善 |
卷期 | 6 2009.06[民98.06] |
頁次 | 頁61-76 |
分類號 | 556.7252 |
關鍵詞 | 不涉政黨路線; 自願主義; 美國勞工聯盟; 純粹且簡單的工會主義; 職業工會主義; American federation of labor; Political nonpartisanship; Pure-and-simple unionism; Trades unionism; Voluntarism; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文探討Samuel Gompers的務實主義對美國工會運動的影響。儘管Gompers深受馬克思主義薰陶,但是由於Karl Ferdinand Laurrell的思想導引以及早年參加工運的經驗,他排拒社會主義的激進改革路線,選擇了務實哲學領導工會運動,與美國資本主義經濟的發展並肩而行,形塑出美國工會運動的獨特性。在他擔任美國勞工聯盟主席的37年裡,沿著職業與技藝的界線組織工會,後來證明這種純化會員的方式,延續了全國性工會組織的生命,並發展成今日的美國總工會。Gompers所鼓吹的純粹且簡單的工會主義,發展成具有特色的商業工會主義,以集體協商而非政治動員來保障勞工權益,成為美國工會運動與勞資關係的核心。最重要的是,Gompers的不涉政黨路線利用政治而不涉入政爭,使工會遠離政治風暴,維持其自主性,並成為一種利益團體式的工會。 |
英文摘要 | This essay explores the impact of Samuel Gompers's pragmatic pursuit on the United States union movement. Marxism was attractive to Gompers during his early years working in the factory and being involved in local union activities. However, under the instruction of Karl Ferdinand Laurrell and his own observation in the Tompkins Square riot of 1874, he rejected socialist radicalism as the philosophical orientation while he led the American Federation of Labor for 37 years. Instead, Gompers took a pragmatic approach to direct the movement paralleling the capitalist development in the US. His views shaped, beyond doubt, the uniqueness of US union movement. Gompers organized unions along the line of trades or craft. In doing so, the union membership was purified that survived the federation, evolving the confederation of AFL-CIO. Gompers insisted on flexing labor's economic muscle to fight for workers' interests through collective bargaining. The advocate has established a tradition of business unionism. Unlike its counterparts in Europe, US unions have been taking the position of political nonpartisanship. They influenced policy makers by lobbying rather than political mobilization and could successfully free from political struggle. This type of interest-group politics was founded by Gompers's early view. |
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