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題 名 | 哲學與歷史中的城邦=Polis in Philosophy and History |
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作 者 | 苑舉正; | 書刊名 | 揭諦 |
卷 期 | 2 1999.07[民88.07] |
頁 次 | 頁161-193 |
分類號 | 141.5 |
關鍵詞 | 亞里斯多德; 城邦; 自然; 古希臘史; Aristotle; Polis; City-state; Physis; Nature; History of ancient greece; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 在亞里斯多德的《政治學》中,「城邦」(polis)所佔的重要地位是眾所皆知的。亞里斯多德甚至於在明確地,在知道有其他形態的政治制度的情況下,開張明義地肯定「城邦」是政治社群之中,最高也是最完美的制度。非但如此,亞里斯多德也同時在這個原則下,開展所有關政治的論述,其中有許多地方,他都是以「自然」(pbysis)的觀念來說明為什麼「城邦」的確是引導全體所屬市民達到所謂的「共同的善」(the common good)的唯一體制。許多有關亞里斯多德《政治學》一書所進行的分析中,大多也直接針對「城邦」的本質與內容,在亞里斯多德的原則下,討論政治的含意與規範。然而,這種理論式的分析,卻依然沒有直接回答,「為什麼亞里斯多德會在《政治學》一開始就肯定「城邦」,是政治體制中,最高而且是最完美的結構?」這一個問題。藉由回答這一個問題,我在此文之中企圖遻說明,非但是在《政治學》中,也在其他的論述中,亞里斯多德均以「觀察」為他進行理論分析的基本假設。而「觀察」在亞里斯多德的《政治學》之中所指涉的對象,並不是一個超越時空的「客觀事實」,而是一個針對古希臘政治社會所作的描述。也是因此之故,我在此文中嘗試透過歷史的角度,來檢視,為什麼「城邦」是最高以及最完美的政治制度。 |
英文摘要 | It is well-known that polis entails a position of crucial importance in Aristotle's Politics. Aristotle, even knowing that there are other forms of political association, expounds, right in the beginning of the treatise, that polis is the best and the most perfect form of political association. Moreover, Aristotle moves forward to explain, by his idea of physis, the assertion that polis is the only association leading its citizens towards the common good. Some arguments and analyses regarding Aristotle's Politics endeavor to explain the author's theoretical implication of polis, but they fail to take into account the question, why would Aristotle begin in his treatise by affirming that polis is the best and the most perfect form of political association? By answering this question, I attempt to explain that 'observations' on the basis of which Aristotle makes his assertion, do not refer to 'theoretical contemplations' but 'historical facts'. For this reason, I, by adopting a historical approach, try in this article to expose the historical background consisting in Aristotle's political treatise. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。