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題 名 | WTO爭端解決制度「歐體食糖出口補貼爭端案」與歐洲共同體食糖制度之改革=Legal Analysis on the WTO's European Communities-Export Subsides on Sugar Case: Its Impacts on the Reform of the EC Sugar Regime |
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作 者 | 徐揮彥; | 書刊名 | 臺灣國際法季刊 |
卷 期 | 4:2 2007.06[民96.06] |
頁 次 | 頁145-205 |
分類號 | 431.96 |
關鍵詞 | 農業協定; 出口補貼; 杜哈回合; 農業談判; 歐體食糖出口退稅案; 共同農業政策; 食糖制度; Agreement on agriculture; Export competition; Doha round; Agricultural negotiation; European communities-export subsidies on sugar; Common agricultural policy; Sugar regime; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 食糖產業係屬勞力密集產業,而且需要廣大之耕地。故本質上,位處熱帶及副熱帶的開發中及低度開發國家,在食糖產業具有較高之比較利益。然而,由於歐體長期對食糖生產及銷售實施補貼,使得原本具比較利益之食糖生產開發中國家,在國際食糖市場之貿易利益遭受扭曲,而蒙受巨大損失。在GATT時期,巴西即曾經依據GATT關於出口補貼規定向歐體提出控訴,但由於GATT對農產品出口補貼之規範不明確,而未能獲得成功之控訴結果。以巴西為主之世界食糖出口開發中國家與歐洲國家間,因過去食糖生產及貿易所產生的複雜歷史糾葛,彷彿在GATT及WTO前後之歐體食糖補貼爭端案中再度被勾起。「歐體食糖出口補貼案」值得探討之意義,在於前後二案件之當事會員國幾乎相同,系爭歐體食糖制度之規範結構幾乎相同,但在適用農業協定規範下,卻使案例進行有迥然之結果。因此,WTO農業協定對於歐體食糖制度所造成之貿易扭曲效果,得帶來如何之糾正功能,極具研究之意義。本文將以GATT及WTO之農業協定規範為經,歐體之農業規範為緯,探討GATT/WTO前後二件關於歐體實施食糖出口補貼措施與巴西等開發中國家之貿易爭端。本文之目的在從2005年WTO爭端解決機構「歐體食糖出口案」,探索從GATT至WTO時期之農業貿易規範對歐體農業政策之影響,以及歐體對於GATT/WTO農業規範之遵守與歐體就此對世界食糖貿易之影響如何。在序論章後,本文第二章主要在分析「歐體食糖出口補貼案」之主要事實及法律背景,其分為二部分:第一部分,將對歐體條約中關於農業之規範進行分析,以瞭解其設立目的及規範意義,並進而分析在該歐體條約規定下所形成共同農業政策(Common Agricultural Policy)之內涵及現行共同農業政策下食糖制度之內涵;本章第二部分亦將對GATT/WTO農業規範之演進及內涵進行分析,並探討「歐體食糖出口補貼案」當事主體在GATT時期,在適用GATT規定下所提出之食糖出口退稅爭端。在第三章將深入探討WTO之「歐體食糖出口補貼案」,就雙方當事會員國之主張及小組與上訴機構的見解進行分析。第四章則針對於WTO歐體食糖出口補貼案後,歐體為實施爭端解決機構裁決所制訂改革食糖制度規則進行分析,並探究其主要內容,以審視此食糖改革制度對國際與歐體內部之影響及其是否真正遵守WTO農業協定之精神,最後在第五章做成結論。 |
英文摘要 | The sugar regime of the European Community has been criticized for its strong supports for export and protection against imported sugar from non-EC Members States. The critics to the EC sugar regime finally result in the WTO/DSB's ruling in 2005. The aim of this article is to survey on the reform of the sugar regime of the European Community after the WTO's European Communities-Export Subsidies on Sugar Case in 2005 and backwards. The second part of this article will give a detailed analysis of the development and contents of the EC's sugar regime and on the regulations of the GATT on agricultural subsidy. The third part of this article will study the factual background and legal issues of the European Communities-Export Subsidies on Sugar Case, including the Panel and Appellate Body Reports. The fourth part of this article will survey and review what the European Community has done for compliance to the rulings of the DSB, if the new sugar regime has been abided by the Agreement on Agriculture, and what possible effects this new sugar regime would cause. And the fifth part is the concluding chapter of this article. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。