頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 臺灣客家族群遷移之口述歷史與文獻探討=The Probe by Oral History and Literature Review for the Migration of Hakkanese in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 王恭志; | 書刊名 | 社會科教育學報 |
卷 期 | 3 民89.05 |
頁 次 | 頁173-186 |
分類號 | 536.21 |
關鍵詞 | 客家; 族群遷移; 口述歷史; Hakka; Ethnic migration; Oral history; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文旨在探討客家族群遷移之歷史。首先以文獻階析客族遷臺之時代背景與分佈狀況,並再以口述歷史資料探討臺灣島內客族再次遷移之歷史。客家族群是中華民中的一支,是屬於漢民族中的客家民係。隨著公元四世紀東晉時期的五胡亂華,客家民系居住地一帶兵荒馬亂,客家族群開始南遷,因此展開了客家人千百年來族群的遷移序曲。海禁政策雖然阻礙且延緩客家族群遷臺的腳步,但由於客族在千百年來的不斷遷移歷史中所養成堅毅的精神,加上原居地生活之艱困,使得客家族在當時政治環境與海上交通險惡的諸多限制下,仍冒險渡海來臺,開闢新天地,客族由於入墾臺灣的時間較遲,因此所開墾的區域大多集中在南臺灣的六堆地區、中臺灣的東勢地區以及北臺灣的桃、竹、苗地區。本文接著再以口述歷史所獲資料及文獻探討在日據時期客族第二次大規模遷移至花、東及濁水溪中下游之情況。此外,也有不少客家族群遷往臺北、臺中、高雄大都會,剛成為隱性的族群。「客家」,這一個處處為客處處是家的族群,千百年來,墾拓遷徙,無論所遷移的環境如惡,客家的語言與文化依舊「硬頸」的傳承與堅持著。客家族群應拋出悲情,提升對族群的認同感與自信心,並與其他族群和睦相處,進而成為具有鄉土親、臺灣情、中國心、世界觀的世界公民。這是一個大和解的時代,各族群間、必須要相互尊重,這樣才能攜手向前,走向光明的未來。 |
英文摘要 | The purpose of this thesis was to probe the migration of Hakkanese in Taiwan. Research methods included literature review and oral history interview. First, the author used literature review to analysis the backgrounds and distributions for the migration of Hakkanese in Taiwan. Second, the author used the methodology of oral history to interview 7 Hakkanese which were the descendants of second migration at the eras of Japanese occupied in Taiwan. The Hakkas originally inhabited in the central part of China now knowen as Honan, and some parts of Shansi and Anhwei. They were compelled to more southward during the period of the Huns’ invasions in the Fourth Century of the East-Jing Dynasty. So they drfted to south China. The Hakkas crossed the Yangse River and first to the parts now known as the Provinces of Kiangsi and Anhwei, then later further south to the parts now known as Kuangtung, Kuangsi and Fukien. The Hakkas immigrated in Taiwan during the Ming Dynasty and Tsing dynasty. But in the early of Tsing Dynasty, the policy of restrictions at orts of entry and exit in Southern China Coasts which limited the migration of Hakkanese in Taiwan. The policy conducted Hakkanese wre less than Southern Fukien’s immigrated people in Taiwan. Now, The Hakkas were distributed at the mountains and small infertile plains in aprts of the counties and cities in Pingtung, Kaoshiung, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Miaoli, Taichung, Changhua, Yunlin, Nantu, Hualian, Taitung and Taipei. But some parts of Hakkanese were be assimilated by Soughern Fukien’s people in Chunghua, yunlin, Nantu and Taipei. They could not speak Hakkanese again. Some parts of Hakkanese transformed their language in Southern Fukien dialect. Based on those findings, the study concluded that the Hakkas were hard working people. They cultivated virgin land and to open up wasteland for farming which by the traditional spirits of fortitude. In Taiwan. how they adapt themselves to the kind of environment they live, how they survive and then prosper, more and more will be known to the world as time goes on. But the political, economical and social situations of Hakkanese were not so good in Taiwan. There were also some racial prejudices and ideologies between differential races before. Nevertheless, Hakkanese must discard of pessimism now. Basically on the mutual respect, we must to have friendly ties between differential races again. We all are the vitally important strength in building the new modern Island to the world. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。