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頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 阿茲海默症的成因及治療=The Etiology and Treatments of Alzheimer's Disease |
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作 者 | 楊雨哲; 孫承洲; | 書刊名 | 藥學雜誌 |
卷 期 | 30:3=120 2014.09[民103.09] |
頁 次 | 頁68-73 |
分類號 | 415.8471 |
關鍵詞 | 阿茲海默症; β澱粉樣蛋白; 濤蛋白; 乙醯膽鹼酯解酶抑制劑; NMDA受體拮抗劑; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 阿茲海默症 (Alzheimer's disease) 是老年失智症的各類型中,最普遍的一種形式。 症狀來自於腦部控制思考,記憶及語言區域的神經元,產生退化性的影響。 研究指出,基因在阿茲海默症的成因中,扮演重要的角色。由阿茲海默症的遺 傳原因顯示,分為兩大模式。一部分,占較少比例的突變基因,如澱粉樣蛋白前驅 蛋白 (APP; amyloid precursor protein)、早蛋白一號 PSEN1 (presenilin 1) 及早蛋白二號 PSEN2 (presenilin 2),主要與小於60歲,早年家族性阿茲海默症的發生有關。另一部 分,占大多數的變異基因,如E型載脂肪蛋白基因 APOE ε2 (apolipoprotein E gene 對 偶ε2型) 及 APOE ε4與大於60歲,晚發性阿茲海默症的發生有關,也是一般最普遍型 的阿茲海默症。 阿茲海默症是一種不可逆、進行性,神經退化性的疾病。在病人的腦中,出現不 正常的瘢塊及神經纖維糾結。瘢塊主要由緻密、不可溶的澱粉樣蛋白所構成。神經糾 結物主要是由於與微小管構成相關的 tau 蛋白,過度磷酸化,造成微小管扭曲變形, 堆積在細胞內而產生。 新的診斷方針由美國老年研究所及美國阿茲海默症協會,召集專家團,於2011年 所發表。新的方針將阿茲海默症分為三個階段:臨床前期、輕度認知障礙期和阿茲海 默型失智症期。 乙醯膽鹼酯解酶抑制劑,被用來治療輕至中度阿茲海默症。幫助緩解阿茲海 默症的症狀。使用的藥品有 Razadyne (galantamine),Exelon (rivastigmine),Aricept (donepezil) 及 Cognex (tacrine)。Namenda (memantine) 是一種 NMDA (N-methyl-Daspartate) 受體拮抗劑,用來治療中度至重度的阿茲海默症,主要的效果為延遲阿茲 海默症的進展。 新的診斷及治療模式,正在浮現,來自於對阿茲海默症的病程及病理的了解。在 未來,可能對於50歲以上的族群,進行風險評估,以便及早辨別發生阿茲海默症的機 率及預防。 |
英文摘要 | Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia among older adults. The disease involves parts of the brain that control thoughts, memory, and language. Studies indicate that genetic factors are estimated to play an important role in Alzheimer's disease. The inheritance of Alzheimer's disease exhibits a dichotomous pattern. On one hand, rare mutations of genes in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 are fully penetrating for early-onset (< 60 years) familial Alzheimer's disease, On the other hand, common gene polymorphisms, such as the genes of APOE ε2 and APOE ε4 for common late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease is a irreversible, progressive, neurodegenerative disease where the brain develops abnormal plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Plaques are dense, mostly insoluble deposits of -amyloid peptide. Tangles are aggregates of microtubule-associated protein tau which has become hyperphosphorylated and accumulated inside the cells. The new diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease developed by expert panels convened by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and Alzheimer's Association in 2011. The new guidelines focus on three stages of Alzheimer's disease: preclinical Alzheimer's, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's, and dementia due to Alzheimer's. Cholinesterase inhibitors are prescribed for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. These drugs may help delay or prevent symptoms from becoming worse for limited times and may help control behavioral symptoms. The medications include Razadyne (galantamine), Exelon (rivastigmine), Aricept (donepezil), and Cognex (tacrine). Namenda (memantine), an N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, is prescribed to treat moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. The main effect is to delay progression of the symptoms of Alzheimer's. A new diagnostic and treatment paradigm is emerging from the more understanding of the disease cascade. In the future, it is likely that individuals reaching older than 50s or beyond will be offered a specific risk-assessment profile to determine their likelihood of developing Alzheimer's disease. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。