頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 北宋對外關係之研究--以遼、夏為例的比較分析=A Research of the Pei-Sung External Relations--Comparison of Liao & Hsi-Hsia |
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作 者 | 蔡金仁; | 書刊名 | 樹人學報 |
卷 期 | 3 民94.07 |
頁 次 | 頁43-62 |
分類號 | 641.51 |
關鍵詞 | 北宋; 遼; 契丹; 西夏; 對外關係; Pei-Sung; Liao; Cathay; Hsi-Hsia; External relations; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 傳統中國的對外關係,一直是建立在唯我獨尊的心態上。中國是唯一的天朝上國,其餘的外邦屬國,都是臣屬於中國之下,與中國是朝貢關係。事實上,中國在東亞一直是超級強權,有實力對其餘國家實施霸權式的外交,其餘國家也無實力挑戰中國的權威。 上述情形並非一成不變的,雖然中國歷代大多數時間是唯一霸權,主宰和他國的外交關係,但是當中國積弱不振,他國實力凌駕於中國之上時,中國的天朝外交自然無法實施,此時,中國和這些實力大於己的國家,他們的外交關係就是平等的外交關係,中國的對外關係也會有所調整。 北宋武力不盛,契丹所建的遼國,數敗北宋,北宋對遼國自然無法以傳統中國的天朝外交對待,與遼國進行的是平等外交關係。至於西夏,北宋實力雖略大於西夏,但是一直無法收服,反而屢次遭西夏擊敗,西夏亦經常竄擾北宋西疆。北宋在傳統中國外交思維下,視西夏為跳梁小丑,不肯以平等外交對待,也使北宋付出慘痛代價。 大多數的時間裡,中國實施的是上國外交,但是偶有例外,北宋與遼國外交即是一例。而同一時期北宋對西夏關係卻是以上國姿態,檢討當時北宋對遼、西夏關係,正是傳統中國對外關係之二例,也凸顯中國在現實環境下,自我調適的對外關係。 |
英文摘要 | External relation of the traditional China, it has been philosophy psychology. It is the only hegemony of the China, other are diplomatic relations. It all have to obey under the China is the relations between China & Chinese subordinate relation. In fact, China is still a super power country in East Asia. It has an actual strength against other countries carry out the hegemony of the powerful external relations, other coutries got no actual strength to challenge Chinese authoritativeness. To above-mentioned can't be invariable. Although most of the time, Chinese history is very hegemony to instigate external relations of other countries. When China is in the weak state, other countries actual strength override above China. Chinese hegemony external relation can't be executed at the moment. China and those of those actual strength are more than our own country. Their external relation will be equal of the external relations. Chinese external relations can also be modulation. Pei-Sung military might had been weakness. Cathay built up has been defeated by Liao. Pei-Sung face Liao can't be treated hegemony in the external relations of the China. It is the same as Liao proceed is equal external relations. As far as Hsi-Hsia, Pei-sung actually strength is better than Hsi-Hsia, but it can't still be controlled. On the contrary defeat by Hsi-Hsia so Hsi-Hsia always disturb Pei-Sung Hsi-Hsia. Pei-Sung is in the traditional of the external relations thinking and identify Hsi-Hsia as nothing. Doesn't want to treat it equal. It cause Pei-Sung a very painful experience. In the most of the time, China is in the very powerful way to execute external relations but accidental sometime. Pei-Sung and Liao's external relations can be the example. The unite period of the Pei-Sung face Hsi-Hsia are in the proud and aloof situation. To review Pei-Sung treat Liao and Hsi-Hsia's relations. It can be the 2 examples of the external relations of the China. We can see when the China is in the reality environment how to adjust the external relations. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。