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題名 | 帝國政治與醫學--日本戰時總動員下的臺北帝國大學醫學部=Imperial Politics and Medicine: The Medical Faculty in Taihoku Imperial University under Japan's Wartime Total Mobilization |
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作者 | 范燕秋; | 書刊名 | 師大臺灣史學報 |
卷期 | 1 2007.12[民96.12] |
頁次 | 頁89-136 |
分類號 | 733.2 |
關鍵詞 | 臺北帝國大學; 講座制度; 熱帶醫學; 南方醫學; 大東亞共榮圈; 總體戰; Taihoku imperial university; System of the chairs; Tropical medicine; Southern medicine; Greater East Asia co-prosperous region; Total war; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文探討日本戰時動員體制下臺北帝大醫學部之發展,係採取科學技術與社會研究的觀點,分析臺灣處於日本帝國的南進基地,如何影響醫學部專業知識之建構,並產生特定的研究成果;及醫學部研究成果又如何支持日本帝國的權力運作。本文的主要結論如下:日本國家體制進行學術動員的方式,是在醫學部設置之際,從設定「講座」名稱、研究方向,至選定講座研究人才、經費分配;以及講座教授在選定的議題上、進行單一而專精的研究等等,規範醫學部建置及研究發展。也因此,醫學部的主要研究成果如:克服日本人的熱帶馴化、防治熱帶疾病,以及建構東亞民族關係等,確實應用在支援日本帝國的南進擴張,發揮「以醫學爲武裝」以及支持帝國政治運作的作用。從臺北帝大醫學部的研究發展,也可見熱帶醫學呈現殖民地科學的一些特性。首先,是熱帶醫學因殖民的實用性而持續發展。日治初期,日本在臺灣發展熱帶醫學是基於殖民主義,也就是在鞏固殖民地統治;1930年代,臺北帝大醫學部轉向協力日本帝國的南進發展。無論如何,同樣因政治上的實用而持續發展。其次,熱帶醫學發展出「在地」科學的特性。殖民地科學位於帝國邊緣,以及處理殖民地的問題,因此有比較自由的發展空間,研究也較容易有所突破與進展;而且,在解決現地問題的過程,也形成在地的科學社群,開始抗衡來自帝國中心的權勢。再者,臺籍科學家也從熱帶醫學研究發展出抵抗的據點。亦即臺北帝國大學醫學部出現唯一臺籍的講座教授杜聰明,打破熱帶醫學一向由日籍學者壟斷的局面。 |
英文摘要 | This article discusses the development of the Medical Faculty of Taihoku Imperial University under Japan's wartime mobilization with an approach of the study of science, technology and society. The article analyzes how the location Taiwan, as the base of south advance in Japanese Empire, affected the development of professional knowledge and specific research results in the Medical Faculty. It also looks into how the research results of the Medical Faculty supported the power operation of the Japanese Empire. This article's main conclusions are as follows. The ways of the academic mobilization of Japanese colonial government were to designate many things, from the title of the chairs, research direction, scholars to budget allotment of the researches, upon the establishment of the Medical Faculty. The designated professors of the chairs had to conduct research on one designated subject. Therefore, the institution and research development of the Faculty were strictly aligned to the direction of the wartime mobilization. Under such conditions, the faculty's main research results, such as solving the problem of tropical acclimatization, controlling tropical diseases, and mapping the connections among East Asian nations were indeed applied to support the south advance expansion of the Japanese Empire. The Faculty was playing a role of a medical armament and supported the operation of the imperial politics. The research development of the Medical Faculty showed that tropical medicine presented some characteristics of colonial science. First, tropical medicine continued to develop in virtue of its colonial practicality. In the early period under Japanese ruling, the development of tropical medicine in Taiwan was based on colonialism because it was one way for Japan to consolidate its colonial governance. In the 1930s, although the research direction of the Medical Faculty was transferred from tropical medicine to sustaining the south-advance expansion of Japanese Empire, tropical medicine was able to continue to develop given its political practicability. Second, tropical medicine displayed the characteristics of being "local" science. Colonial science, being in the margin of the empire and coping with colonial problem only, could better make research progress and breakthrough. Furthermore, local research community was formed in the process of solving local problem, and began to resist to the imperial authority. Third, Taiwanese scientists emerged from the development of tropical medicine, and formed a site of resistance. At the Medical Faculty in the Taihoku Imperial University, Tu Tsung-Ming was the first and only Taiwanese professor of the chairs, breaking the long-time monopolization of Japanese scientists in the research of tropical medicine. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。