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題 名 | 由「片面宣言之效力」與「禁反言原則」於WTO爭端案件之適用論我國片面遵守環保公約之政策 (上)=The Application of the Legal Effect of Unilateral Act of States and Estoppel in WTO Dispute Settlement Cases and Its Implications for Taiwan's Policy of Voluntary Compliance with Multilateral Environmental Agreements (1) |
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作 者 | 施文真; | 書刊名 | 政大法學評論 |
卷 期 | 96 2007.04[民96.04] |
頁 次 | 頁277-344 |
分類號 | 579.93 |
關鍵詞 | 片面宣言之效力; 禁反言; 核子試爆案; 國際法委員會國家片面行為草案; 美國三○一條款案; 歐體糖類出口補貼案; 環保貿易措施; Legal effect of unilateral declaration; Estoppel; Nuclear test case; Draft articles on unilateral act of states by ILC; U.S-section 301-310 of the trade act of 1974; EC-export subsidy on sugar; Trade-related environmental measures; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 於國際互動頻繁的今日,國家代表於各式之場合中發表聲明係相當常見,各式之片面聲明背後所代表的法律意義,可能隨著聲明之性質而有不同。透過國際法院案例的累積,片面行為之法律效力以及禁反言等原則的適用,均使得國家於國際法下,除了將會因條約或習慣法繼受特定之法律義務,亦將有可能透過國家片面、單方的行為,在特定的要件下,取得特定的法律義務。台灣並非國際環境公約之締約國,但來自國際環境公約之壓力卻使得政府採取片面的自願遵守特定國際環境公約之規範,以避免遭受來自國際間之貿易制裁,此一片面宣言,以及我國後續針對國際環境公約之實務,是否因片面宣言之法律效力或禁反言原則之適用,使得我國雖非特定國際環境公約之締約國,卻負有國際法上之義務必須遵守該些公約?而若涉及含有貿易管制之國際環境公約,我國是否將因此於世界貿易組織下(World Trade Organisation,以下簡稱WTO)之爭端解決程序中,受有不利的影響?本文將透過片面宣言之效力以及禁反言原則,介紹其於國際法下之發展,以及於WTO爭端案件中曾涉及此兩原則之案件,據此分析我國片面遵守國際環境公約之政策與後續實務是否將受到此兩原則之拘束,並透過不同之模擬狀況,討論我國與他國發生貿易爭端時,於WTO之爭端解決程序中,是否將因此受有不利。 |
英文摘要 | In contemporary society, states make various types of public statements in different circumstances, some of which might create certain international obligations for the declaring states. As the result of the applications of the legal effect of unilateral acts of states and/or of estoppel by international tribunals, states might, in addition to treaty or customary rules of international law, assume international obligations by way of unilateral declaration under specific conditions. As a non-party to multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs), Taiwan has adopted the policy of voluntary compliance with MEAs with a view to avoid possible trade sanctions. Will Taiwan as a non-party bear the obligation of complying with these MEAs because of this policy and subsequent state practice? For those MEAs containing trade measures, will Taiwan be negatively affected by this policy of voluntary compliance? This article will, through the analysis of the legal effect of unilateral declaration and estoppel under international law and WTO case law, closely examine whether Taiwan's policy of voluntary compliance with MEAs is subject to these principles and will be affected when future trade disputes arise. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。