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題 名 | 「公序良俗條款」在「歐盟生物科技專利指令」(Directive 98/44/EC)之意義與爭辯=The Meanings and Arguments of "Public Order or Morality Clause' on the "Directive 98/44/EC on the Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions" |
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作 者 | 王服清; | 書刊名 | 科技法律評析 |
卷 期 | 1 2008.06[民97.06] |
頁 次 | 頁199-256 |
分類號 | 588.36 |
關鍵詞 | 公序良俗; 歐盟生物科技專利指令; 人類胚胎; 幹細胞; 可專利性; Directive 98/44/EC; Public order or morality clause; Directive 98/44/EC on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions; Human embryonic; Human stem cells; Patentability; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 「公序良俗」條款為典型之不確定法律概念,散見於我國各個實定法之規定中,例如專利法、商標法及行政程序法等。尤其值得討論的是,是否應將「公序良俗」條款納入於專利法中,迭有正反意見之爭論。是故歐盟生物科技專利指令第 6 條之「公序良俗條款」被怪罪認為,將使得歐洲與美國、日本在生物科技的競爭上處於不利地位之重要因素。由幾個案例,如哈佛鼠案、愛丁堡案及 H2-Relaxin 案等,可以得知「公序良俗條款」之價值判斷決定關係到是否授予專利,其嚴重激辯之程度。反觀我國專利制度之「公序良俗」條款類似於歐盟生物科技的專利制度,亦多有承襲之處。歐盟生物科技專利指令的實踐法制與政策必然可以對我國多增另一面的利益衡量或價值考量之借鏡模式,以免我國法制設計的固步自封,防止在生物科技的境賽中,因而被邊緣化。然而,我國專利制度之設計應該兼顧自己的國情與國際的發展趨勢之雙重週全思考,而是否僅欲以歐盟模式作為唯一的繼受參考標準,這是值得我們謹慎深思,容許有討論與質疑的開放空間。 |
英文摘要 | “Directive 98/44/EC on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions” (Biopatent-Directive) is now the only statute of European Union protecting the intellectual property and legislating particularly and solely on ethical issue regarding biotechnological inventions on earth; it builds the legislative model for the protection of intellectual property on biotechnology. Therefore, it’s necessary for us to study “Directive 98/44/EC on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions”. The Meanings and Arguments of “Public Order or Morality Clause” on the of “Directive 98/44/EC on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions” not only contribute the understanding of it to our industry, government and research institution but also provides the academic circle with the international reference on interest value. Moreover, the fruition of this analysis is the important basis that we can take to directly participate in the international organization. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。