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題 名 | The Dialectic of Law and Desire in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein: A Lacanian Reading=欲望與律法之辯証:瑪麗.雪萊《科學怪人》的拉岡式閱讀 |
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作 者 | 林熒嬌; | 書刊名 | NTU Studies in Language and Literature |
卷 期 | 14 民94.09 |
頁 次 | 頁21-53 |
分類號 | 873.57 |
關鍵詞 | 瑪麗.雪萊; 科學怪人; 拉岡理論; 主體性; 匱乏; 想像秩序; 象徵秩序; 伊狄帕斯期; Mary Shelley; Frankenstein; Jacques Lacan; Human subjectivity; The Imaginary; The Symbolic; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 本文嘗試透過拉岡的理論來詮釋《科學怪人》一書,乃是人類主體性建立的過程之敘述。文本中三位主要角色,皆意圖建立其主體性:如科學怪人對進入意符世界的掙扎,科學家福蘭克斯坦欲取得全能上帝般的科學上地位,以及瓦頓船長的冒險探索行為等。以拉岡的觀點看,三位人物皆可視為是,人類內心狀態的呈現。本文主要專注討論二位人物:科學怪人,以一新生兒之姿出現,如同拉岡所謂三秩序中的「想像」秩序。福蘭克斯坦則代表父親、律法,如同「象徵」秩序。科學怪人最終要認知到,他之因為象徵陽具之匱乏,進而造成他不斷被排拒在意符世界之外,他因此被迫採取最原始之暴力形式—弒殺。另方面,福蘭克斯坦無法認知到,他對於逝去母親的過度耽溺,以及其無法接受心靈獨立過程中,不可避免的伊狄帕斯期閹割,因而造成他的病態心靈人格,繼而要超越死亡,意圖讓死亡復活,繼而運用死屍創造生命。他受困於想像與象徵二秩序之間,無法自拔,直至生命終了。他同時是納西思亦是伊狄帕斯的呈現。而科學怪人的悲劇則在於,他不可釋懷地意欲被科學家「父親」接受與肯定。二者最終彼此互相毀滅,乃因彼此是黑暗自我的化身。科學怪人最終回到他的來處—死亡。這也是他生命中唯一有自主權之表現。 |
英文摘要 | This paper will attempt to read Frankenstein as depicting the process of the formation of human subjectivity, seen now in the light of Lacan’s Imaginary and Symbolic stages. Through their personal narratives, the three main characters endeavor to construct their own subjectivities: the Creature tells of striving to enter the chain of signs, the scientist of achieving his God-like scientific mastery, the explorer of exercising his “exploratory power.” Narrating one’s autobiography may seem to be an act of self-assertion, and yet the Lacanian reading sees these characters as figurative representations of the underlying human psychic condition. The Creature then, a newly animated creature, is metaphorically a kind of primordial child and thus suggests the Imaginary order; the scientist Victor Frankenstein, acting as father, law and rational-technological order, suggests the Symbolic register; Captain Walton, who witnesses death and catastrophe, is the final and ultimate recorder of the whole narrative through his letters. The Creature’s ultimate task remains that of coming to terms with his lack of the symbolic phallus, that phallus which defines him as an alien form of existence and bolsters the author’s portrayal of him as the exemplar of a repeatedly “refused life,” forced to give up the chain of signs and to express himself, not with verbal language but rather with the most savage, primitive, violent mode of human behavior. On the other hand, Victor needs to replace his lost mother for whom he has too long mourned. Above all, he needs to understand the obscurity and inaccessibility of the Lacanian phallus, and to accept oedipal castration as an inevitable ritual for the forming of the Symbolic moi, for successful individuation. The explorer Walton embodies the sense of human responsibility and compassion which has been lacking in both Frankenstein and the Creature. He brings us back to the everyday reality, forcing us to abandon romantic, idealistic ambitions, mad ventures and schemes in favor of pragmatic purposes, above all survival. It is finally when we let go of our desires that life triumphs over death. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。