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題名 | 論歐盟基因改造食品標示之法制規範=European Legislative Framework for GMO Labeling Rules |
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作者 | 唐淑美; 陳冠旭; | 書刊名 | 清華科技法律與政策論叢 |
卷期 | 1:1 民93.10 |
頁次 | 頁191-238 |
分類號 | 412.25 |
關鍵詞 | 基因改造食品; 標示; 可追溯性; 告知後選擇; 預防原則; Genetically modified organisms; Labeling; Traceability; Informed choices; Precautionary principle; Directive 2001/18/EC; Regulation 1829/2003/EC; Regulation 1830/2003/EC; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 當前全世界之先進國家皆積極投入生物科技之研究與成果之商品化,標示(labeling)之功能成為管理生物科技應用於食品之重要措施之一。根據歐盟食品安全白皮書(the White Paper on Food Safety),歐盟應提供消費者重要而完整的資訊,消費者有作告知後選擇(informed choices)之權利,商品需清楚地標示完整的成分與品質。另外,歐盟並成立一個總管食品安全整合之機構--歐盟食品衛生總署(European Food Safety Authority, EFSA),負責食品安全性之風險評估。雖然歐盟早在一九九0年即對基因改造生物體之標示進行立法,例如「蓄意釋放基因改造生物體於環境指令(90/220/EEC)」,但一九九九年歐盟食品安全白皮書所揭消費者保護政策並非指令90/220/EEC得以規範而落實。基於貫徹消費者保護之政策,歐盟企圖整合會員國同中有異之內國法標示規範,並致力於基因改造食品標示法制規範之建構,一方面主要在保障消費者食品安全之權益(consumer protection);另一方面亦兼及食品產業之公平競爭(fair competition)與貨物在歐盟內之自由移動(free movement of goods),因此於二千年後制定一連串有關基因食品標示之指令與規則。本文主要探討歐盟在食品標示方面最近新修訂之基因改造食品標示相關法規,包括「蓄意釋放基因改造生物體於環境指令(2001/18/EC)」、「基因改造食品與飼料規則(1829/2003/EC)」、「基因改造生物體之可追溯性與標示以及自基因改造生物體製造之食品與飼料產品之可追溯性規則(1830/2003/EC)」,經由探討歸納此三項法規,本文進一步分析歐盟在基因改造食品標示之法制趨勢及其保護之法益。 |
英文摘要 | Labeling has become an important policy in the advanced countries in the commercialization and research of genetically modified products, such as GM food produced from GMOs. The White Paper adopted by the European Commission proposes an approach for achieving the highest standards of food safety in the EU. The EU proposes the setting up of an independent Authority to oversee commercialization of GM products. According to the White Paper, consumers have the right to make informed choices and they can only do this if products are clearly labeled to include full information on food quality and all constituents of the product. Proposals on the labeling of food will be required to achieve this goal. The GM food labeling legislation was launched by the EEC in council Directive 90/220/EEC on 23 April 1999 on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms. Nevertheless, Directive 90/220/EEC legislated in 1990 was not adequate to cope with the strict requirements of the White Paper on Food Safety. For the purpose of achieving the highest possible level of health protection for the consumers of Europe's food, supporting the Community-level controls through fair competition and establishing the principle of free movement of goods in the EU, the White Paper sets out a proposal for radical legislative reform. This article carefully examines the three new regulations, including the directive 2001/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 March 2001 on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms and repealing the Council Directive 90/220/EEC, Regulation 1829/2003/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on genetically modified food and feed, Regulation 1830/2003/Ec of the European parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 concerning the traceability and labeling of genetically modified organisms and the traceability of food and feed products produced from genetically modified organisms and amending the Directive 2001/18/EC. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。