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題 名 | 嘉義地區紅豆有機栽培病蟲害之綜合管理=Integrated Management of Diseases and Insect Pests for Organic Cultivation of Adzuki Bean, Vigna angularis in Chiayi Area, Taiwan |
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作 者 | 黃啟鐘; 羅權彧; | 書刊名 | 宜蘭大學生物資源學刊 |
卷 期 | 10 2014.12[民103.12] |
頁 次 | 頁61-75 |
分類號 | 434.228 |
關鍵詞 | 紅豆; 綜合管理; 有機栽培; 病害; 害蟲; Vigna angularis; Integrated management; Organic cultivation; Diseases; Insect pests; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究在嘉義進行紅豆春、秋兩作有機栽培,以高雄8號及高雄9號品種作為試驗植材。試驗區劃分有機栽培病蟲害綜合管理、慣行農法及對照區。在春、秋兩作的有機栽培病蟲害綜合管理區以黃色黏紙誘得主要害蟲成蟲高峰期及其數量,分別為葉蟬科3月下旬及12月中旬,達4,538及17,011隻/30片;粉蝨科2月下旬及11月中旬,達952及2,023隻/30片;薊馬科4月中旬及11月中旬,達220及3,843隻/30片。在春、秋兩作的有機栽培病蟲害綜合管理區以中改式性費洛蒙誘蟲器,計誘得斜紋夜蛾成蟲1,719與5,714隻/2支及甜菜夜蛾成蟲185與1,221隻/2支。在春、秋兩作紅豆在三試驗區播種後30天,即3月下旬及10月下旬發現苗期遭豆潛蠅危害與根腐病感染植株,而葉片白粉病與銹病則發生於春作2月中旬至5月上旬及秋作12月中旬至翌年1月初,此期間柯氏食菌瓢蟲幼蟲和成蟲多在葉片上取食白粉病之菌絲,具有降低田間病原真菌的潛力。在春、秋兩作的有機栽培病蟲害綜合管理區以黃色黏紙誘得捕食及寄生性天敵成蟲高峰期及其數量,分別為瓢蟲科3月初及12月中旬,達50及379隻/30片;小繭蜂科3月下旬及12月上旬,達230及394隻/30片;寄生蠅科4月中旬及翌年1月初,達58及43隻/30片;姬蜂科3月下旬,達25隻/30片。在春、秋兩作紅豆收穫期調查莢果數、莢果重及籽粒重,結果顯示高雄8號及9號品種皆達顯著水準,且以春作慣行農法及有機栽培病蟲害綜合管理區可獲得最佳的籽粒產量。 |
英文摘要 | Two varieties, KS8 and KS9 of adzuki bean, "Vigna angularis" were planted in Chiayi with organic cultivation in this study, and experimental field was divided into integrated management, conventional and control plots. We used yellow sticky papers and pheromone-baited traps to survey the number adults and peak period of insect pests and natural enemies for spring and autumn crops. By using yellow sticky papers in the integrated management plot in spring and autumn, the results showed that the peak periods of Cicadellidae insect pests were late-March and mid-December, and the number adults were 4,538 and 17,011/30 papers, respectively. For the Aleyrodidae insect pests, the peak periods were late-February and mid-November, and the number adults were 952 and 2,023/30 papers, respectively. The peak periods of Thripidae insect pests were mid-April and mid-November, and the number adults were 220 and 3,843/30 papers, respectively. By using pheromone-baited traps in the integrated management plot in spring and autumn, the number adults of "Spodoptera litura" and "S. exigua" adults were 1,719 and 5,714/2 traps, 185 and 1,221/2 traps by using pheromone-baited. We found that the seedling blight, "Rhizoctonia solani" and "agromyzids, Melanagromyia sojae, Ophiomyia phaseoli" and "O. centrosematis" infected and damaged seedling for both varieties of adzuki bean 30 days after sowing in late-March and late-October. And then powdery mildew, "Sphaerotheca fuliginea" and rust, "Uromyces azukicolai" were commonly infected leaves in from mid-February to early-May and from mid-December to January. However, we also found that the mycophagous ladybird, "Illeis koebelei" larvae and adults on adzuki bean leaves feeding on powdery mildew mycelia in the same period, suggesting the potential of natural enemies. For the natural enemies by using yellow sticky papers in the integrated management plot, the peak periods of Coccinellid predators were early-March and mid-December and the adult densities were 50 and 379/30 papers, respectively. For the peak periods of Braconid parasitoids were late-March and early-December, and the number adults were 230 and 394/30 papers, respectively. The peak period of Ichneumonid parasitoids was late-March, and the adult densities were 25/30 papers. The peak period of Tachinid parasitoids were mid-April and next early-January, and the number adults were 58 and 430/30 papers, respectively. As for the number of pods /plant, pods weight (g) /plant and seeds weight (g)/plant of two adzuki bean varieties, KS8 and KS9 had reached significant level, the conventional and integrated management plots in spring had the best grain yield. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。